Management and Supervision

what problems that can be faced by company without proper human resource management

There are many fundamentals of marketing. These include knowing the needs, demands, and wants of the customer, segmenting the customer out to reach the right group, and showing value of your product.

Rosa Parks

Why top management keep major policies in confidence among themselves?

yes

explain the category and characteristics of netreprenurship

Discuss the difference between managerial and non managerial tasks?

Management by Objective is a management style or philosophy whereby the manager assigns a task (the objective) and gives the employee some freedom of how to achieve that objective. The manager must clearly define the task and specify any limitations such as a deadline, budget, etc. The manager would offer to provide any suggestions, directions or assistance needed by the employee and check on the progress periodically.

For example, a manager might ask an employee to cut the lawn around a building and have it done by a certain time. The employee could then decide whether he would cut the front first or the back first. He could decide what direction to go and if/when to take a lunch break, etc.

Reverse logistics is fast becoming a competitive necessity. More liberal returns policies, the increasing use of consignment inventory, shorter product lifecycles, and more demanding customers translate to more returned product.1 Firms are being forced to find more efficient ways to reclaim, redistribute, and/or dispose of returns. Firms that do not recognize the importance of an effective reverse logistics program risk damaging customer relations and may seriously harm the organization's reputation and brand image.2

The trend toward more direct-to-consumer marketing and retailing also impacts reverse logistics, as does the exponential surge in Internet retailing. Non-traditional retailing is typically subject to higher rates of returned merchandise than in-store shopping. For example, it is estimated that returns for direct sales catalog companies can run as high as 20% of sales.3 The necessity of dealing with such volumes of returned product has led catalog retailers to focus efforts at more efficient returns handling. Rogers and Tibben-Lembke4 suggest that some catalog retailers are at the forefront of best practice reverse logistics. Because of their history of dealing with returns and their purported expertise in reverse logistics, catalog retailers were selected as the focus for the current research project.

Reverse logistics programs are resource intensive in terms of implementation and maintenance. Significant time and resources must be committed. However, there is little empirical work examining the relationship between allocating resources to reverse logistics and reverse logistics program performance. Reluctance to devote managerial and financial resources is a barrier to the development of effective reverse logistics programs.5 Is there a payoff in terms of financial and/or service performance for firms that devote more resources to reverse logistics? The current research was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of reverse logistics programs and to gauge their impact on business operations. The research focused more on value reclamation aspects of reverse logistics (reclaiming unsold or damaged product, for example) rather than recycling or environmental issues.

Reverse Logistics Programs

Reverse logistics refers to:

The process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, costeffective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value or for proper disposal.6

Reverse logistics has received more attention in recent years because of its strategic implications. A well managed reverse logistics program can result in savings in inventory carrying, transportation, and waste disposal costs7 as well as improving customer service.8 Environmental and "corporate citizenship" goals also have influenced program development.9 For example, stringent governmental legislation on disposal of products,10 public awareness of the social cost of excess waste,11 and growing support for recycling12 have all contributed to expand firms' involvement in reverse logistics.

Suhail Ahmed...

Management-by-exception (passive) - Is a form of leadership in which the leader intervenes only if standards are not met and only take action after rules have been broken or mistakes are "brought to their attention."

Centrali(s)zation provides order, certainty, top down authority and direction.

Decentraliz(s)ation allows for shared authority at different levels, according to the needs and responsibilities of the levels, and bottom up thought and direction.

Called motivation. As opposed to activation the counterthesis in Frederick Herzberg's famous theory. This theory is not taught nor followed much anymore.

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weekly planner

An aging population often has a fixed or limited income. They are willing to spend less on clothing than younger generations. They are less fashion conscious than younger clients and are more likely to replace clothing less frequently than younger customers.

should envolves one party offering somethimg value (service,money.ideas.places and even persons) to another party voluntarily offeres something value in return.

the essence (heart) of marketing is the exchange process among parties.

A scenario for quiet leadership would be a boss that doesn't interfere much with their employees work. The boss would guide them into the right direction and let them use their own creativity instead of telling them exactly what to do. An example would be Bill has been assigned the project of creating an ad for a new product that will be released. Bill takes the project to his employees and has them throw ideas at him. He picks the idea he likes the most and lets his people run with it. He won't so much direct as much as he would guide.

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Some experts attribute the development of the Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) to Jiro Kawakita. The Japanese Society for QC Technique Development promotion of PDPC led to the implimentation of this technique in the United States.

middle managers

The organization refers to the entire business entity. Management refers to the direction of the company that will allow it to achieve its goals and objectives. Administration usually means the daily tasks involved in operating the company.

Management development is appropriately called Manager Development and focuses on individual manager.

Organisational development includes management development efforts but focuses on improving the system that make up the total organisation.

There are so many challenges faced by modern managers of organization. Some of them include keeping up with new technologies and still having to ensure that productivity is maintained among others.

Apple is the most vertically integrated company in IT and communications today. They make/control/own almost every level of production from the research and development to manufacturing to end-user experience.

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historic, internal and external benchmarking