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Math History

Far more interesting than one might first expect, the history of mathematics is filled with bitter rivalries, political machinations, and incredible innovations by some of the most amazing minds in history. Post all questions concerning individual mathematicians, the development of mathematical theories, and the sociological impact that resulted into this category.

3,988 Questions

Why don't denominators have to be the same when being multiplied?

it can't be the same, multiplied is by time's and the denominators is went you just get to round it out by nely's doller.

What if 10 percent of 24?

The Calculator says 240 because i did 24 divided by 10% and it gave 240

What is a polyhedron that has two congruent faces?

Any regular polygon has two congruent faces. Many polygons have two or more congruent faces.

Mathematicians of geometry?

Yes, there were some. Placing a question mark at the end of a list of expressions or numbers does not make it a sensible question. Try to use a whole sentence to describe what it is that you want answered.

What region are the biggest number of people?

The answer depends on how you define a region. The country with the biggest number of people is China. But there are regions within China (the Gobi desert, for example) where the population is tiny.

What the answer in fundamental operation in mathematics?

The 4 fundamental operations in mathematics are: addition, subtraction, division and multiplication

Who tried to get the first calculation of pi?

The ancient Babylonians from around 1700 BC used pi = 3.125. The name of the person who calculated that value was not recorded.

What did Leonhard Euler contibute in mathematics?

He made big contributions in graph theory, calculus and more. I have attached a link with lots of information about this amazing man.

What are the origins of algebra?

While the word "algebra" comes from Arabic word (al-jabr, الجبر literally, restoration), its origins can be traced to the ancient Babylonians,[1] who developed an advanced arithmetical system with which they were able to do calculations in an algorithmic fashion. The Babylonians developed formulas to calculate solutions for problems typically solved today by using linear equations, quadratic equations, and indeterminate linear equations. By contrast, most Egyptians of this era, and most Indian, Greek and Chinese mathematicians in the first millennium BC, usually solved such equations by geometric methods, such as those described in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, Sulba Sutras, Euclid's Elements, and The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. The geometric work of the Greeks, typified in the Elements, provided the framework for generalizing formulae beyond the solution of particular problems into more general systems of stating and solving equations, though this would not be realized until the medieval Muslim mathematicians.

The Hellenistic mathematicians Hero of Alexandria and Diophantus [2] as well as Indian mathematicians such as Brahmagupta continued the traditions of Egypt and Babylon, though Diophantus' Arithmetica and Brahmagupta's Brahmasphutasiddhanta are on a higher level.[3] Later, Arab and Muslim mathematicians developed algebraic methods to a much higher degree of sophistication. Although Diophantus and the Babylonians used mostly special ad hoc methods to solve equations, Al-Khowarazmi was the first to solve equations using general methods. He solved the linear indeterminate equations, quadratic equations, second order indeterminate equations and equations with multiple variable.

The word "algebra" is named after the Arabic word "al-jabr , الجبر" from the title of the book al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala , الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة, meaning The book of Summary Concerning Calculating by Transposition and Reduction, a book written by the Islamic Persian mathematician, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (considered the "father of algebra"), in 820. The word Al-Jabr means "reunion"[4]. The Hellenistic mathematician Diophantus has traditionally been known as the "father of algebra" but in more recent times there is much debate over whether al-Khwarizmi, who founded the discipline of al-jabr, deserves that title instead.[5] Those who support Diophantus point to the fact that the algebra found in Al-Jabr is slightly more elementary than the algebra found in Arithmetica and that Arithmetica is syncopated while Al-Jabr is fully rhetorical.[6] Those who support Al-Khwarizmi point to the fact that he introduced the methods of "reduction" and "balancing" (the transposition of subtracted terms to the other side of an equation, that is, the cancellation of like terms on opposite sides of the equation) which the term al-jabr originally referred to,[7] and that he gave an exhaustive explanation of solving quadratic equations,[8] supported by geometric proofs, while treating algebra as an independent discipline in its own right.[9] His algebra was also no longer concerned "with a series of problems to be resolved, but an exposition which starts with primitive terms in which the combinations must give all possible prototypes for equations, which henceforward explicitly constitute the true object of study." He also studied an equation for its own sake and "in a generic manner, insofar as it does not simply emerge in the course of solving a problem, but is specifically called on to define an infinite class of problems."[10]

The Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam is credited with identifying the foundations of algebraic geometry and found the general geometric solution of the cubic equation. Another Persian mathematician, Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, found algebraic and numerical solutions to various cases of cubic equations.[11] He also developed the concept of a function.[12] The Indian mathematicians Mahavira and Bhaskara II, the Persian mathematician Al-Karaji,[13] and the Chinese mathematician Zhu Shijie, solved various cases of cubic, quartic, quintic and higher-order polynomial equations using numerical methods. In 1637 Rene Descartes published La Géométrie, inventing analytic geometry and introducing modern algebraic notation.

Another key event in the further development of algebra was the general algebraic solution of the cubic and quartic equations, developed in the mid-16th century. The idea of a determinant was developed by Japanese mathematician Kowa Seki in the 17th century, followed by Gottfried Leibniz ten years later, for the purpose of solving systems of simultaneous linear equations using matrices. Gabriel Cramer also did some work on matrices and determinants in the 18th century. Abstract algebra was developed in the 19th century, initially focusing on what is now called Galois theory, and on constructibility issues.

What do multiplication tables look like?

They have numbers across the top and down the left side so that by checking where the two rows intersect, you have the product of the two numbers.

Example (using periods to keep the numbers properly spaced):

x_1__2__3__4__5__6

1| 1....2....3....4....5.....6

2| 2....4....6....8...10...12

3| 3....6....9...12..15...18

4| 4....8...12...16..20...24

5| 5...10..15...20..25...30

6| 6...12..18...24..30...36

To find the product of 2 x 5, follow the row with 2 across to the column with 5 to find that the result is 10.

How many ft are in 7 in?

Well there are no feet in 7 in.,there are 12in. in a foot so that's your answer.

What was the need to develop negative numbers?

I'm not sure of the original need, but here are some examples of how they are used, today.

Well, the simplest example is debt. If you're keeping track of your finances, running a total of expenses and income, and tracking what your balance is at all times, it's helpful to be able to continue using the same system when your balance drops below zero.

Anything that has a scale, which has a zero reference point, and it is possible to move into 'negative territory', such as temperature, or altitude (above or below sea level). See related link.