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Mathematical Constants

Intriguing, ubiquitous, and at times mysterious, numerical constants set the allowable limits for all universal phenomena. Whether your questions involves π, Avogadro's number, Planck's constant, the atomic mass unit, or any of the other multitudes of immutable numbers used in science, this is the category where they should be asked.

2,332 Questions

What is Relative dielectric constant for vacuum?

YES IT IS. Any quantity which is ratio of two physical quantities having same unit is dimensionless. Dielectric constant is ratio of Permittivty of medium to the permittivity of free space. As Permittivity of medium and permittivity of free space both have same units(F/m ie Farad/meter) dielectric constant becomes dimensionless quantity

What constant is equal to the ratio ofthe gas constant to the avogadro constant?

The gas constant (R) makes both sides of the ideal gas equation (PV=nRT) equal. It is therefore called the proportionality constant in the ideal gas equation. The value of R is 8.314 J/mol˚K. If you divide the ideal gas constant by Avogadro's number you get R/NA=(8.314 J mol-1 K-1)/(6.022x1023 #of atoms mol-1)=1.38x10-23 J/(atoms x K) since the mol-1 terms cancel out. This value is the Boltzman constant (kb) usually expressed in units of J/K (energy/temperature) and it gives the average energy of a single atom or molecule at an absolute temperature T. Just multiply kb by T and you get energy in Joules.

What is the average atomic mass for cobalt?

The average atomic mass for cobalt is approximately 58.93 atomic mass units. It is calculated by taking into account the different isotopes of cobalt and their relative abundance in nature.

What is the atomic mass of plutonium?

Plutonium's atomic mass is 244,064 204 (5) because the only naturally occurring isotope is 244Pu. Interestingly, we manufacture or synthesize a much more of other isotopes.

The atomic mass of the most important isotope of plutonium (239Pu) is:

239,052 1634 (20).

The atomic number of plutonium is 94. For the mass of other isotopes see the link below.

Atomic masses are from the tables of Audi, Wapstra and Thibault (AME 2003).

Why narrow gap semiconductors have large dielectric constant?

The dielectric constant measures how strongly the eletronic charge in the material can adjust to shield an external electric field, larger the dieletric constant, more effective is the screening. But for the electronic charge be able to adjust responding to the electric field, the electrons should be easily moved, which means that each electronic state will change assuming a polarized configuration. If the gap is large, the electric field can not mix the electronic states in the valence band with the electronic states in the conduction band, (think of perturbation theory, where the denominator will be of order of the band gap energy) so the electrons don't polarize much and the dielectric constant is small. On the other hand, in a metal, where the gap is zero, any small electric field mix the occupied states with the unoccupied ones, and we have a strong screening. The dielectric constant measures how strongly the eletronic charge in the material can adjust to shield an external electric field, larger the dieletric constant, more effective is the screening. But for the electronic charge be able to adjust responding to the electric field, the electrons should be easily moved, which means that each electronic state will change assuming a polarized configuration. If the gap is large, the electric field can not mix the electronic states in the valence band with the electronic states in the conduction band, (think of perturbation theory, where the denominator will be of order of the band gap energy) so the electrons don't polarize much and the dielectric constant is small. On the other hand, in a metal, where the gap is zero, any small electric field mix the occupied states with the unoccupied ones, and we have a strong screening.

What does the atomic mass of an element repreasent?

The atomic mass of an element represents the average mass of an atom of that element, taking into account the abundance of its isotopes. It is measured in atomic mass units (amu) and is valuable in determining the element's properties and behavior in chemical reactions.

Why white light colours have different speeds according to their frequencies but not the other electromagnetic waves while all have the same speed of light?

Answer: The white colors have different speeds and not other electromagnetic waves because they are not usually consisted by more than one colors like the white colors.

Answer: You are really confusing two different things. (1) In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. That includes light of different colors. They all travel at the so-called "speed of light" - without further qualification, this term means "the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum", and this speed is approximately 300,000 km/sec. (2) In materials other than a vacuum (empty space), electromagnetic waves get slowed down - and the amount by which they slow down depends on the frequency. Thus, not only light of different colors will be slowed down by different amounts, but also radio waves, ultraviolet rays, etc., if they are able to pass through a material at all. For more information, do some reading - for example, on the Wikipedia - on "index of refraction", and on "speed of light".

Pi is a fraction as circumference by diameter p by q form is a rational number then how is pi a irrational number?

A number is said to be rational if it can be expressed as a ratio of two [finite] integers [the second of which is non-zero].

Here, if pi is to be rational, both p and q must be integers. If p is an integer then q will be irrational and if q is an integer, p will be irrational. They can never both be rational and so the ratio definition cannot be satisfied.

What is the rule of constant proportions?

The law of constant proportions, also called Proust's law, states that the elements in a compound are all present in a fixed proportion by weight, regardless of how the compound is prepared.

What is bigger 4 over 12 7 over 12 2 over 12?

4/12 is bigger (than 2 over 12. It is not the biggest, but that was not the question.

Which is bigger infinity or googol?

infinity is bigger than

googol because infinity goes on forever and googol is a one with 100 zeros or 10 to the onehundreth power

Coupling constant j value?

Here is how you calculate a coupling constant J: For the simple case of a doublet, the coupling constant is the difference between two peaks. The trick is that J is measure in Hz, not ppm.

The first thing to do is convert the peaks from ppm into Hz. Suppose we have one peak at 4.260 ppm and another at 4.247 ppm. To get Hz, just multiply these values by the field strength in mHz. If we used a 500 mHz NMR machine, our peaks are at 2130 Hz and 2123.5 respectively. The J value is just the difference. In this case it is 2130 - 2123.5 = 6.5 Hz This can get more difficult if a proton is split by more than one other proton, especially if the protons are not identical.

What is in between 1 trillion and 1 googol?

one trillion is 1 with 12 zero's after it, a Googol is a one with one hundred zeros after it

97 sunfire gt sometimes does a jerking motion when you push on the gas like it's having trouble getting gas?

This could be caused by a lot of things. If it was my car, I'd start by replacing the fuel filter, checking and, if necessary, replacing the plugs and checking/replacing the plug wires. I'd also run a bottle of injector cleaner through the system in case the injectors have gotten dirty or clogged. (I do that every few months just a matter of course) If these things don't solve your problem, I'd suggest taking it in to a diagnostic center as it could be a sensor or a computer problem. Let us know what you find! FriPilot

What is 1.08 000 000 divided by 624?

1.08 000 000/624 = 1.08/624 = 0.001731

You seem to be unaware of the fact that you could have obtained the answer much more easily and quickly by using the calculator that comes as part of your computer.