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Mathematical Constants

Intriguing, ubiquitous, and at times mysterious, numerical constants set the allowable limits for all universal phenomena. Whether your questions involves π, Avogadro's number, Planck's constant, the atomic mass unit, or any of the other multitudes of immutable numbers used in science, this is the category where they should be asked.

2,332 Questions

Why is important the zero?

do you mean why is zero so important well this is why. zero is betwin one so the zero gets started with because its zero one two three. and it can also make lower numbers. zero is the king of the small numbers the small numbers are -one -two -three. and it makes the big ones. zero one two three. its very easy to know why its an important number.

Who is the mathematician that memorized a lot of numbers of pi?

Daniel Tammet. A twenty-something with extraordinary mental abilities, Daniel is one of the world's few savants. He can do calculations to 100 decimal places in his head, and learn a language in a week.

He also meets the world's most famous savant, the man who inspired Dustin Hoffman's character in the Oscar winning film 'Rain Man'

This documentary follows Daniel as he travels to America to meet the scientists who are convinced he may hold the key to unlocking similar abilities in everyone.

Andriy Slyusarchuk claims to have set a number of records in memorizing large volumes of digital data, sequences of geometrical figures, as well as words and other information. In particular, he claims to have memorized 1 million digits of pi figure.

By 2008 he claimed to remember 2,000,000 decimal places of pi, as well as around 7,000 volumes of text. By 2009 the number of volumes remembered increased to 15.000.

By June 2009 he claimed to have set a new record by memorizing the first 30 million places of pi, which were printed in 20 volumes of text. Although he did not recite all 30 million digits that he claimed to have memorized, he was able to recite randomly selected sequences from within the first 30 million places of pi.

Since reciting 30 million digits of π at one digit a second would take almost a year (347 days) if you did it non-stop 24 hours a day, seven days a week, a following approach had been applied to verify the record: during demonstrations Mr. Slyusarchuk is being randomly asked to tell the digits of pi printed on certain pages and locations of the 20 volume printout, which is grouped into orderly arranged tables. He successfully went through this kind of test multiple times. Demonstrations had been witnessed by respectable scientists and heads of sub-departments in Universities. Book of Records of Ukraine (Книга рекордів України) lists the members of commission witnessing his demonstration.[38] They are country-wide recognized scientists on the top positions in National Universities and Institutes.

By October 2010 Mr. Slyusarchuk claimed to remember 200 million decimal places of pi.

None of his claimed Pi records is accepted by the official Pi World Ranking List [40] or the Guinness Book of Records since no real independent test of his pi knowledge was possible ever.

Mr. Slyusarchuk is known for his hypnotic skills as well. In particular, he claims to be able to hypnotize people so as to not feel pain, e.g. when exposed to burns.

Another TV show presented him hypnotizing students of L'viv University of Modern Technologies (Львівський державний інститут новітніх технологій та управління ім. В. Чорновола). Those under hypnotic influence could eat onions believing those were apples.

He also demonstrated hypnotizing a salesman in a shop to take a 1 hryvna bill from him, believing this to be 500 Hryvna.

Novyi Kanal has hosted a few TV events in which Andriy Slyusarchuk demonstrated many of his extraordinary abilities. The Video recording of the events is available at http://video.novy.tv/video/3/24/9842.html .

When trying to show exceptional Chess position memory on TV (memorizing all pieces on 80 boards), he was criticized by a chess master invited to the event (Grigoriy Timoshenko). An article in The New York Times called Slysarchuk "an Illusionist".

He was also officially invited to participate in the World Memory Championships, where his feats would have been tested by independent international arbiters. He was promised 40,000 US$ if he broke the accepted memory records, but he refused to go there

What are the constants in a experiment?

The constants in an experiment is any factor that remains the same and does not change. These things are kept the same throughout each trial of the experiment.

What is the mass of a car?

The "weight". How much a car weights.

Like ... pounds or ... kg

How can you get a closer number to pi?

Pi is usually described as either a decimal or a fraction in as simple terms as possible. pi is simplified as 3.14 or 22/7. A "closer" answer to pi can be worked out to millions of places to the right of the decimal by computers, but it is academic, as no "absolute value" for pi can ever be reached. For practical purposes - even in precise fields such as engineering - a value for pi of 3.1417 is considered more than adequate.

What type of problems have imaginary numbers?

Imaginary numbers are only ever used when you are using the square roots of negative numbers. The square root of -1 is i.

You may find imaginary numbers when you are finding roots of equations.

Why is light speed always constant?

A great question. First--It isn't always constant. Light can travel slower than "c" ("the speed of light"). In a perfect vacuum light travels at "c". It's slower in glass, air, water, etc., light can even stop! But "c" is the upper speed limit. Second--Not only light but ANY disturbance in the universe has a speed limit of "c". Even the influence of gravity travels at the speed of light. Third--Einstein didn't just wake up one day with a good idea. The constancy of the speed of light (and relativity in general) explained many curious observations that had been made, and solved many physics problems. Fourth--There have been competing theories that allow a variable "c" but all the experiments indicate that it is indeed a constant value.

What is a exact speed of light in a vacuum?

The speed of light is 299 792 458 m s-1.

This is one of the very few exact physical constants; it is so by definition.

This enables the meter to be determined by it and the second.

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

The speed of light in a vacuum is 186,282.397 miles per second or 670,616,629.2 miles per hour.

What does the imaginary number equal in math?

The following may seem far-fetched if you are not accustomed to imaginary or complex numbers, so before I continue, let me assure you that complex numbers have many practical applications, including electricity, quantum mechanics, art, and several other more.

The imaginary number is neither a positive nor a negative number. Imagine two perpendicular axes of numbers. The directions are arbitrary, but the way it is commonly drawn, from left to right you have the real numbers - the numbers you are probably most familiar with, which include positive and negative numbers. Positive at the right, negative at the left. The number line which you may have seen already.

From top to bottom is another line, that crosses the origin - the line of the imaginary numbers. One unit up is +i, two units up is +2i, one unit down (from the origin, or zero) is -i, two units down is -2i, etc. The "imaginary unit", then, is called "i", although in electricity the letter "j" is used instead (to avoid confusion with the unit for current).

A combination of a real number and an imaginary number is called a complex number - for example, 2 + 3i. Adding and subtracting complex numbers is fairly straightforward. Just add the corresponding terms. To multiply complex numbers, multiply them as you normally multiply binomials - then use the definition i2 = -1.

It so happens that when complex numbers are used, not only do negative numbers have a square root, but any root - square root or otherwise - has a solution. In a way, this makes the complex numbers more "complete" than the real numbers.

Of course, common sense should be used. Just as negative or fractional numbers don't make sense for some real-life problems, complex numbers don't make sense for some real-life problems, either. So if, for example, the quadratic formula gives you a complex solution (or a negative solution, for that matter), analyze the original problem to see whether the specific solutions found make sense, given the problem statement.

What is the largest number right now?

There's no such thing.
Probability theory deals with numbers so astronomically huge that it's impossible even to write them in any format understood by anyone other than mathematicians and a few other specialists (or "geeks", if you feel like being unkind).

One such is Graham's Number. Check the related links if you'd like to know more about it. Basically it's so big that you couldn't even write its logarithm if you used the entire universe for writing paper and put one digit on each proton. (to put that into perspective: the logarithm of the number of protons in the universe is about 83).

What is the binory number for 1101?

Jack Hill suggested "1101" instead; 1101 is the binary representation of the number 13

Why the value of universal gravitational constant is usually unnoticeable?

Because of conditioning. I expect that you would soon notice it if the gravitational constant fell to zero and you were flung off into space! You do not notice atmospheric pressure for a similar reason.

Why can't anything exceed the speed of light in a vacuum?

Things (with mass) cannot be accelerated to the speed of light (or beyond) under any circumstances. That's because as an object is accelerated and its velocity approaches that of light, the energy used to increase its velocity is converted into mass. The more energy that is added to the object in an attempt to push it to the speed of light, the more mass it gains. "Mass gain" prevents further acceleration of the object and precludes it ever reaching the speed of light. Einstein's special theory of relativity states that an infinite amount of energy would be required to accelerate beyond the speed of light (c) because the object would be infinitly large. However gravity drives (warp drive) and wormholes would provide the means to travel faster that light by using spacial distortion.

What is the highest spf number for children under 2 years?

Many sunscreens are advertised for kids, but reviews say the only differences between these and adult sunscreens are irritating fragrances, and sometimes, the form of UVA protection. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are less irritating to sensitive skin than avobenzone. Blue Lizard Baby sunscreen SPF 30 (*est. $13/9 ounces) contains a combination of titanium dioxide (10%) and zinc oxide (5%), and it's both fragrance and chemical free. Keep in mind that Blue Lizard Baby is identical to their Sensitive formula. Banana Boat Sport (*est. $13/8 ounces) is recommended in two sunscreen reviews, but again, you'll need to read the label to be sure you're getting UVA protection. The Banana Boat Sport spray sunscreen formula contains avobenzone, while the Sport lotion sunscreen formula does not have any of the recommended UVA-protecting ingredients. Banana Boat Kids Quik Blok Sunblock Spray Lotion (*est. $7/8 ounces) contains avobenzone, which can be more irritating to kids' skin than the titanium dioxide or zinc oxide used in Blue Lizard Baby sunscreen.

Spwipes (*est. $9/10-pack) is sunscreen packaged in the form of disposable towelettes. While this sounds like a convenient option for kids who might not sit still for a lotion application, Spwipes don't contain any UVA-protecting ingredients. They come in SPF 30 and are water and sweat resistant. One 10-pack provides about four adult applications. While throwaway towelettes might be ideal for a hike in the woods when you don't want to lug a big bottle along, it's more cost effective and safer to choose one of the sunscreens in ConsumerSearch Fast Answers, which offer UVA protection and more applications for the price.