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Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering is a branch of engineering that encompasses the generation and application of heat and mechanical power and the design, production, and use of machines and tools. Mechanical engineering involves application of the principles of dynamics, control, thermodynamics and heat transfer, fluid mechanics, strength of materials, materials science, electronics, and mathematics.
10,989 Questions
What factors determine the maximum altitude of an airplane?
Short Answer:
An airplane maintains altitude by producing enough lift to counteract its own weight. So the amount of lift an airplane produces determines how high it can climb. Lift is produced by accelerating air in a downward direction. At higher altitudes the air is less dense so a larger volume must be accelerated downward to produce enough lift to keep flying. This can be done in two main ways; flying faster or having longer wings. The faster you fly the more air you pass through so the more you can accelerate downward which generates more lift. The longer your wings are the more surface area you have to generate lift so you can maintain altitude. You can also make your plane lighter while maintaining its top speed and wing length by carrying less fuel and cargo or using smaller pilots. Given the same speed and wing length a lighter plane can maintain altitude in less dense air so it can climb higher than a heavier plane that is traveling the same speed.
Longer Answer:
Lift can also be generated by an airplanes engine if that engine is pointed towards the ground. In fact some airplanes can fly straight up by generating all their lift with their engine and none with their wings. So with a powerful enough engine there is not limit to how high an airplane can fly. However most airplanes use "air breathing" engines that burn fuel with oxygen supplied by the atmosphere. The higher you go the less air there is in a given volume of sky so the less oxygen is gets sucked into the engine to burn fuel. Pilots have reduce the fuel flow to their engines as they go higher since the extra fuel would be wasted with no oxygen to burn it and it would tend foul the engine with partially burned residue making it run less efficiently or stalling it out completely. With less fuel to the engines the airplane slows down until it produces exactly enough lift to maintain its altitude. It's possible to get a little higher by diving and speeding up then pulling up hard and letting the airplanes momentum carry it to a higher altitude temporarily but when it slows down it will drop back to an altitude where lift equals the planes weight at the highest speed possible given the amount of oxygen in the air at that altitude. If a plane could get going over 25,000 mph (33 times the speed of sound) and and coast out of the atmosphere before it slowed down much below that speed it would keep going since it would be above escape velocity needed to get out of the earth's gravitational field. If it were pointed in the right direction and kept going faster than about 17,000 mph it could go into orbit in space.
Rocket engines carry their own oxidizer which contains the oxygen to burn the fuel so they can run even in the vacuum of space above around 100 km (330,000 feet). The only limitation on altitude for them is how much fuel they can carry before they are too heavy to lift themselves.
So the real answer to the question is that the main factor determining maximum altitude for an airplane is how high the engine can go before the air gets too thin to maintain enough velocity to balance the plane's weight against lift. Longer wings and less drag (a more aerodynamic shape) will help the same engine fly higher as will a lighter plane.
An airplane with a rocket engine that does not breath air is limited by how much fuel it can lift when starting off. Too much fuel weight and the plane won't take off until the excess weight of fuel has been burned. Once the rocket plane lifts off the altitude limit is determined by how fast the plane can get going before running out of fuel. If it can accelerate to 25,000 mph or faster it can go forever. If it can go at least 17,000 mph it can go into orbit in space more than 330,000 feet up (62 miles). Otherwise you can use rocket science equations to figure out how high it can get before it starts falling using the vehicle mass, rocket engine thrust, fuel burn rate and atmospheric drag. This is a complex calculation because the mass, and atmospheric drag change as a function of altitude and the fuel burn rate and engine thrust usually don't stay the same throughout the flight.
Is Grade SAE1006 is alloy or non alloy steel?
SAE1006 is a low-carbon steel grade that is classified as non-alloy steel. It contains relatively low amounts of carbon and other alloying elements, making it suitable for applications where high strength and hardness are not critical factors.
No. However, there are substances that don't fit neatly into a solid/liquid dichotomy. Glasses, for example, are much more like solids than they are like liquids, but they do have some liquid-like characteristics. Liquid crystals are liquids that show some solid-like characteristics. Viscoelastic materials (Silly Putty is probably the best known example) are somewhere in between.
What three examples of stored energy come from photosynthesis?
Three examples of stored energy from photosynthesis are glucose, starch, and cellulose. These molecules store energy in the form of chemical bonds, which can be broken down through cellular respiration to release energy for various metabolic processes.
What vehicles can go to the ozone layer?
No vehicles are capable of physically reaching the ozone layer, as it is located about 6 to 30 miles above Earth's surface. However, certain aircraft like high-altitude planes and rockets can temporarily penetrate the ozone layer during flight.
An interstitial alloy is a type of metallic alloy that contains interstitial elements, which are small atoms or molecules that fit into spaces between the atoms of the host metal. These elements can occupy interstitial sites in the crystal lattice of the host metal, leading to changes in the properties and behavior of the alloy. Examples include steel, which is an interstitial alloy of iron and carbon.
How much air flow required to windmill?
The amount of airflow required for a windmill depends on the design and size of the windmill. Generally, a wind speed of at least 6-9 miles per hour is needed for a windmill to start generating electricity efficiently. The higher the wind speed, the greater the airflow and power production of the windmill.
One million btu equals 10 therms. One hundred thousand btu equals one therm.
Why are metals and alloys used in so many materials?
Metals and alloys are extremely useful materials. They tend to have strength, ductility, heat resistance and other properties. They also tend to be relatively easy to fabricate into engineering materials.
The melting point of A36 steel, which is a low carbon steel, is around 1510-1570°C (2750-2850°F). This temperature range indicates when the steel transitions from solid to liquid form.
How do you make bisynthium alloy?
Bisynthium alloy is a fictional material often found in video games or sci-fi literature. The specific process for creating bisynthium alloy varies depending on the fictional universe in which it is featured. In general, it is typically made by combining specific fictional elements or materials and subjecting them to advanced fictional technologies or processes.
What is the unit of surface finish commonly used?
According to "ASME Y14.36M-1996 Surface Texture Symbols" (only since I don't have a copy of the better reference, "ASME B46.1-2009 Surface Texture" handy), surface roughness (commonly called "surface finish" or "surface texture") is specified and measured either in micrometers (or microns) or microinches depending on the primary dimensional units of the drawing (which are typically specified in millimeters or inches). You may also see surface finish listed as "Ra" for average roughness.
A micrometer (or micron) is one millionth (1/1,000,000) of a meter, and a microinch is one millionth of an inch. A value of 3.2 micrometers is considered equivalent to 125 microinches. More precisely, 1 microinch equals 0.0254 micrometers, or 1 micrometer equals 10.07874 microinches.
Some examples, of typical roughness (or surface finish) values in microinches, with micrometer equivalents in brackets [], are 125 [3.2] (typical for milled or drilled surfaces), 63 [1.6] (typical for turned or reamed surfaces), 32 [0.80] (typical for ground surfaces), 16 [0.40] (typical for honed surfaces), or 8 [0.20] (typical for polished surfaces).
All common average roughness (Ra) specifications, from roughest to smoothest, are listed below.
2000 [50]
1000 [25]
500 [12.5]
250 [6.3]
125 [3.2]
63 [1.6]
32 [0.80]
16 [0.40]
8 [0.20]
4 [0.10]
2 [0.05]
1 [0.025]
.5 [0.012]
What is the meaning of Therme?
A Therme is a spa or facility that offers various treatments and activities focused on relaxation, health, and well-being. It typically features amenities such as saunas, pools, steam rooms, and massage services to promote physical and mental rejuvenation.
Yes, Vitallium is a type of cobalt-chromium alloy that is commonly used in dental and medical implants due to its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.
What are the Properties of dustless chalk-piece?
Im not sure about the full properties about the dustless chalk, though I do know how it works. It simple. The compounds in the dustless chalk are heavyer more compound, and stick to themselvs easily. Thus when you earase the chalk binds together and falls to the floor rather than float in the air sufficationg you. Dustless chalk also writes better without as many scrath marks in it and easily cleans.
How do you increase the tire life?
To increase tire life, make sure to maintain proper tire pressure, rotate your tires regularly, and get the wheels aligned and balanced. Avoid aggressive driving habits and keep an eye out for signs of wear and tear on your tires.
I'm not familiar with the term "tidle turbine." It may be a typo or referring to a specific technology or product that I am not aware of. Can you provide more context or details so I can better assist you?
One example of an alloy with carbon and iron is steel. Steel is a versatile and widely used alloy that contains varying amounts of carbon and iron, which can be adjusted to achieve different properties such as strength, hardness, and ductility.
What is the annealing temperature for 304 stainless steel?
The recommended annealing temperature for 304 stainless steel is typically between 1010°C to 1120°C (1850°F to 2050°F). This temperature range allows for the recrystallization of the material, improving its ductility and reducing internal stresses. It is important to follow specific annealing procedures to achieve the desired properties in the material.
What is the creep ductility definition?
Creep ductility refers to the ability of a material to deform plastically under constant load over time at high temperatures. It is a measure of how much strain a material can undergo before experiencing failure due to creep deformation. Creep ductility is important in high-temperature applications where materials are subjected to prolonged loading.
What is the formula for converting cubic feet to US gallons?
Here it is: cubic feet x 7.481 = US gallons
Why line reducer is used for centrifugal pumps?
cavitation formed wen concentric reducer in used. but wat is the use of reducer in the both suction and discharge side of the pump. if we dost use (conc & ecc) reducer in the both sides.. there is not effect on pump
Would nuclear fusion break the laws of thermodynamics?
No, nuclear fusion does not violate the laws of thermodynamics. It is a process that involves combining small atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process. This energy release is consistent with the principles of thermodynamics.
Do the same laws of thermodynamics hold true for humans and for machines?
Yes. As as energy on earth can be dated back to the sun in one way or another(the energy from our bodies included). Take the second law for instance(thermal E is spontaneously transferred from an object of higher temperature to lower until both reach the same temperature). Say you're holding snow in the palm of your hand, what happens? It melts, and your hand feels cooler. Take the first law, basically stating that the Energy of the universe remains constant. Where does the energy put into machines come from? The potential chemical energy from something such as coal? The nuclear fission of uranium? It's just converted from one for to anther at one point, often losing energy as heat when converting from one form to another.
