Mechanical Engineering

1.27 mm

If a tornado had struck the twin towers before their destruction on 9/11 they would likely have suffered broken windows but would probably not have collapsed. EF5 damage to a high rise building is described as "significant structural deformation," which could result in collapse. However, there has never been an F5 or EF5 tornado recorded in the state of New York.

Static Hook Load:

The static hook load is the maximum weight in static conditions (not tripping) that the derrick/mast and the substructure can withstand.

For instance in a stuck pipe situation, if a derrick is able to pull up to 1,000 Klb before failure, then its SHL will be 1,000 Klb (not considering safety margins). This value has nothing to do with the power of the rig, which is determined by the power of the drawwork.

To calculate the static load that the derrick/mast and the substructure will withstand, it is needed to find the heaviest load in AIR, and it can be either casing or drilling string, in most cases it will be the casing string, unless small holes are being drilled.

SHL = (HAS + TB + MO) * 1.25

SHL…Static Hook Load (lb)

HAS…Heaviest String in Air (lb)

TB…Traveling Block (lb)

MO…Margin of Overpull (lb)

Older type cranes used pneumatics for the operation of the crane's control systems. The actual movement of the crane's working components are usually operated by hydraulic cylinders or winch systems. The winch systems used to be powered by mechanical friction mechanisms but are typically powered by hydraulic motors today. Typically, pneumatics are never used to power the crane's load bearing functions

A waterwall in a boiler is any furnace wall that is comprised of refractory and tubes in a water-tube boiler. The tubes are evenly spaced and generally connect to headers which in turn are connected back to the main generating bank of the boiler. They serve a two fold purpose here in that they capture heat that would otherwise escape to the atmosphere and help heat the water in the boiler. And they also help keep the refractory cool (relatively speaking) This prevents spalling of the refractory.

Cast iron is, as the name implies, "iron" which has been "cast", or melted and poured into a mold. The material is usually not really pure iron but rather an alloy including carbon and (often) silicon.

Four simple steps. Induction - brings air and gas to cylinder, compression - pressurises the air and the gas, combustion- ignites the air and the gas creating power, and exhaust - releases fumes. all this happens in the cylinders.

used in aerospace and other high tech welds with lack of oxidation

Thermodynamics study about the interchange of heat and work between a system and the surroundings which occurs when the system undergoes a process. Thermodynamic also concerned about the changes in the properties of fluid. Most thermodynamics substances such as gases and vapours are often referred as P-V-T substances. An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that relates the pressure, specific volume or density, and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant, R. However, real gas does not absolutely obey the equation of state. A few modifications on the ideal gas equation of state allow its application in the properties of real gas. When energy is added within water, the increasing of activities among the molecules caused the increase in the number of molecule escape from the surface until an equilibrium state is reached. The state of equilibrium depends on the pressure between the water surface and steam. The lower the pressure, the easier the molecules leaving the water surface and thus less energy is required to achieve the state of equilibrium (boiling point). The temperature where equilibrium occurs at a given pressure level is called saturated temperature. The pressure where equilibrium occurs at a given temperature is called saturated pressure. Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water at all temperature. The conducted experiment provides us a clear image on the progressing in between pressure, time and temperature. As time increased, the increased temperature energized the molecules of the water and thus, pressure became higher until the state of equilibrium.

he was in a chinese store and saw a model built rocket. he wanted to build that rocket after himself

I think you mean "What variables affect young's modulus". Obviously not an english major!

Non conventional Machining is a recent development in machining techniques. It is based on unconventional machining techniques using Laser beam, Electron beam, Electric arc etc. Conventional machining involves the direct contact of tool and work -piece, whereas unconventional machining does not require the direct contact of tool and wor piece. Conventional machining has many disadvantages like tool wear which are not present in Non-conventional machining.

Examples : Electric arc machining, Laser cutting , electro discharge machining, plasma cutting etc

Advantages of Non-conventional machining:

1) High accuracy and surface finish

2) no direct contact of tool and workpiece, so there is less/no wear

3) tool life is more

4 ) quieter operation

Disadvantages of non-conventional machining:

1) high cost

2) complex set-up

3) skilled operator required

At the boiling point the energy goes into breaking the intermolecular bonds, but the average kinetic energy stays constant and so does the temperature until all of the bonds are broken and the substance is in the vapor state.

It can be. For instance, in the military mechanical engineering deals with fixing HUMVV's and other military grade vehicles. But in the open economy, you could be dealing with all sorts of things such as motorcycles, cars, and even large trucks.

33.36 psi

almost its same

Pulley belongs to one of the class of Simple machines

They are two types of pulleys 1. Fixed pulleys 2. Movable pulleys.

Examples Fixed pulley :

flag poles, sail boats, simple cranes, curtains in theatres, conveyor belt, simple line elevators

Examples Movable pulley :

Cranes , amusement park rides , elevators and cable cars using movable pulleys.

"Tool steel" refers to the material in tools or dies that actually does the work in turning raw materials into usable parts. Example: In a stamping die the "tool steel" will cut or form the sheet metal into the finished shape. There are many different types of tool steel engineered with properties suited to the specific use. There are cutting steels, forming steels, wear resistant, hot working, shock resistant and more.

Tool Steel is the steel that does the work in the forming of another material. Tool steels are used in a plunger and die configuration for compaction of powder metals into a transmission gear or a connecting rod for an automobile. They are used in the ceramics industry to compress the silica into an insulator. In the metal stamping industry they are used in a die plate and punch configuration to punch the holes in a steel sheet. In the timber industry, they are used as the knife that peels the bark from logs.

In all industries, tool steels are the material DOING the work. The applications are limitless and expanding daily.

For more information on tool steels, their properties and applications, visit the related link.

No. Double Submerged Arc Welded is DSAW; LSAW stands for Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded. As an aside, HSAW stands for Helically Submerged Arc Welded. All of these refer to various types of pipe manufacturing processes.

you can use generator which covert mecahnical energy to electric energy .......

It's probably because the tap washer is made of the incorrect material for a hot tap which must have a degree of temperature resistance. If not, the tap washer could swell and expand when the hot water flows, thus cutting off the flow.

Sleeve bearing

Capable of being hammered out thin, as certain metals; malleable.

Can be made into wires.