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Microprocessors

A microprocessor is the heart of any computer, whether it is a server, a desktop machine, or a laptop. This single chip contains the arithmetic, control, and logic circuitry necessary to interpret and execute computer programs.

2,578 Questions

CPU speed is determined by what?

There are several ways in which CPU speed can be measured. The most common unit is a hertz, such as 3 gigahertz. 1 hertz is another name for 1 CPS. A CPS is a Cycle Per Second. So 3 gigahertz would mean that the CPU is doing roughly 3 billion cycles per second. (A giga in computer speak means billion.)

This was the most common form of measurement during the Pentium Chip era. The last Pentium chips were reaching 3.8 gigahertz. However, you may notice that newer chips such as the Core series by Intel have much fewer hertz, but run much faster. That is because the CPU manufactures learned that there are better ways to make a CPU faster than just by increasing the hertz.

With newer CPUs they have put two or more processor cores on the same chip. These processor cores work in tandem. By working together and sharing the processing load, the overall speed of the computer is greatly improved despite the fact that they are running at slower hertz speeds.

Another way to measure the speed of a CPU is by using FLOPS (FLoating Operations Per Second). 1 FLOPS is generally considered 1 addition or multiplication operation in the processor, however FLOPS also pertain to exponential, sine and cosine. FLOPS do not have as much merit in home computing as they do in research super computers because research uses more mathematical types of computation.

It is hard to compare actual FLOPS between CPU architecture. A Graphics Card Processor (GPU) would consider an exponential 1 FLOPS while it would take many FLOPS on a normal CPU. GPUs can compare FLOPS much better than CPUs because they do use mathematical calculations for their graphics rendering.

Some basic FLOPS highpoint counts of Processors as of Jan 2010 are as follows:
Pentium 4 - 7 gigaflops
Core2 Quad - 70 gigaflops
Xbox 360 CPU - 115 gigaflops
Playstation 3 CPU [Cell Processor] - 218 gigaflops
Xbox 360 GPU - 240 gigaflops
Playstation 3 GPU - 1800 gigaflops (1.76 teraflops)
nVidia Geforce GTX 295 [top PC graphics card now] - 1788 gigaflops (1.75 teraflops)
Jaguar [top super computer now] - 1,759,000 gigaflops (1.75 petaflops)
Folding@Home Distributed Computer [as of now] - 8,500,000 gigaflops (8.10 petaflops)

8.10 petaflops is 9.11978925 x 1015 FLOPS or 9,119,789,250,000,000 mathematical operations per second!

Difference between Pentium 1 and Pentium 2 and Pentium 3?

The clock speed, architectural design, and socket types are different between these three types of processor. Making the transition to dual pipeline architecture and integrated cache happened during this as well.

In essence, these processors are basically nothing alike. They look different, behave different, perform different, and handle internal functions differently.

Can Intel celeron 2.8 GHz support windpws 7?

It can. You need to use the 32-bit rendition of Windows 7, though. The processor is a 32 bit processor, and is incompatible with 64-bit programming. windows 7 is a threaded operating system, which means a single-core processor will perform poorly in the Win7 environment. Don't be discouraged, though-- This all means little in real-world performance, and running Win7 with a Celeron should be fine!

How many cores does the sandy bridge CPU have?

depends on the type
the i3 has 2 cores (and 2 virtual ones because of hyperthreading)
the i5 has 4 cores
the i7 has 4 cores(+4 virtual ones)

Why Intel T7500 is 2.2 Ghz and T8100 is 2.1 Ghz?

The T8100 is based on Intel's newer processor cores, dubbed "Penryn". They feature a smaller 45nm manufacturing process, as opposed to the "Merom" core on the T5xxx/T7xxx series.

They also include a new instruction set, SSE-4, but I doubt any software is making much use of that yet. Most notably they do consume less power than their predecessors.

So the "reason" why the T7500 is 2.2ghz and T8100 is only 2.1ghz, is that they are from two different processor families, and apparently Intel deems that the advances they put into the new Penryn core, allows them to have the cheapest member of the line running at a lower clockspeed than the T7500. Be it performance or power-saving that is the reason behind it, only Intel (or benchmarks) can tell.

Full from of CPU?

Depends on what you mean. #1 most likely, but more answers just in case.

1. Full form of "CPU" - Central Processing unit

2. Full 'form' of CPU - A highly complex composition of transistors arranged intelligently in order to carry out a large number of individual tasks, ranging from performing calculations to storing data.

3. Full form of CPU - Small square with hundreds of small golden pins on the bottom with a thin green band of silicon along the middle. The top is typically covered with a thick metal shielding / thermal plate, with emblems and information etched into the top.

How do you get the type of motherboard without opening the CPU?

MOTHERBOARDI assume by type you mean manufacturer. and by CPU you mean the computer case

if that's the case then you need a tool to identity the motherboard for you.

a freeware tool called cpu-z will do the job, download it from: http://www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php

download and install, then run and navigate to the main-board tab

there you will find the information you seek.

Do most Intel CPU's implement a flat memory model?

Modern Intel chips (since at least 1990) support a flat memory model, if the OS so chooses to use it. Practically all modern OSes use that memory mode, as a flat model is simpler to deal with in software than a segmented model.

CMOS checksum error Default loaded Warning CPU has been change Please re-enter CPU setting in the coms setup and remember to save before quit?

the main reason this happens is when the CMOS battery needs replacing.if the problem isn't resolved by doing this then I would flash the motherboard bios

Purpose of program counter in a microprocessor is?

In 8085 program counter stores the address of the next instruction which is to be fecthed.same function is performed by instruction pointer in 8086.

Is CPU a program?

yes cpu is a program which is used to run moniter

What is the difference between General Purpose Registers and Special Purpose Registers?

general purpose registers are basically used to hold temporarily data and intermediately result. example: ax,bx,cx,dx each of 16 bits. whereas special purpose register are primely used for memory access. it is of two types

: 1. segment register and 2. index register/ pointer

Why do you ever build just microprocessor?

Microprocessors are built solely for experimental processes. If a scientist can test how they perform in certain conditions, advances can be made in the field of computing.

What is more a 300 MHz processor speed or a 2.08 GHz processor speed?

2.08 GHZ would be the faster speed. MHz =Mega Hertz HGz =Giga Hertz 1 Giga Hertz = 1000 Mega Hertz

Which is the better processor in a laptop amd turion x2 rm-72 dual-core mobile processor 2.10 ghz cache vs 2.00 ghz amd athlon x2 ql-62 dual-core processor 1mb l2 cache?

No doubt that amd turion x2 is better than athlon x2. So, I would suggest you to go for turion. But I want to know if core 2 duo is better than the turion x2. Any suggestions.

How many clock cycles does the CPU require to act on a command?

It depends on the processor. They often have a different number of Cycles per Instruction. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycles_Per_Instruction)

How Block moving program is writing in 8086 processor?

mov si,1300;source

mov di.1500;destination

mov ch,05;limit

lo:

mov al.[si]

mov [di],al

inc si

inc di

dec ch

jnz lo