Microsoft Access

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They are stored on a hard drive or some other permanent storage device. The database application stores a table that identifies related files.

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The Validation Text in MS Access is the text that is shown when the conditions set by a Validation Rule are not met. In Access you can specify a Validation Text for each field in a table's Design View in the Field Properties panel.

A record is a row of Table in Microsoft Access. It contains information about a particular item stored in a table (book, student e.t.c)

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The idea of a filter is to reduce down the amount of record you get. Usually you won't want to get a list of every record in a database. If it is a list of people, you may only want to get the males or only want to get people who live in a certain town or who are above a certain age. Whatever criteria you are using, you are in effect filtering the data. That is what queries are mainly used for, as most queries don't display all the records, just some that fit certain criteria.

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Data validation is important, because it ensures the usefulness of your data. There are many examples of situations where a lack of data validation lessens the usefulness of the database.

Imagine a webshop database that would allow you to enter a new customer without an address. You would be unable to ship goods to such a customer.

Imagine that the same webshop database stores the country of residence of its customers. If the database doesn't enforce a certain input pattern on this data you will end up different with values for the same country, like USA, US, United States and The United States Of America. This makes it impossible, or at least much harder to extract information like how much customers from the United States have used your webshop, and how many from India..

And what would happen if your database didn't check the minimum length of a phone number? You might end up with a lot of people you can't reach.

These examples are all about actual data, but database can validate more than just data. They can also validate relationships. A database can, for example, prevent a user or program from entering a new order in the Orders table if it is not related (by a key) to an existing customer from the Customers table. Because, where would you send the order if it wasn't tied to an existing customer?

As you can see from these examples, data validation is of great importance to a useful database.

In Microsoft Access you can insert a record directly via the table object, execute an append query, enter a record into a data bound form or write a record programatically via the recordset object. In Access an identity column is referred to as a Primary Key. If the Primary Key column's data type is set to autonumber then the column is read only and will automatically be assigned the next unique number (datatype long) within that table. If the Primary Key column's data type is NOT set to autonumber then you must provide a unique, non-null value when adding the record.

Append Query on a table with an autonumber Primary Key:

Insert into tbl_Test (Test_FirstName, Test_LastName) Values ('George', 'Washington')

Append Query on a table with an non-autonumber Primary Key:

Insert into tbl_Test (Test_Id, Test_FirstName, Test_LastName) Values (1,"George","Washington")

First, check that your printer's Color ink cartridge actually hasn't gone dry. Many printers use separate cartridges for black and colors. Even if the cartridges are new, the nozzles could be clogged. Check your printer for a "cleaning" feature or method. Second, if the above doesn't work or you have good, new cartridges, check the printers properties page under windows Start / Printers and right-click your printer's icon, choose PROPERTIES. Make sure you don't have "Greyscale" or "black and white" chosen as the default print option.

Go to the Design View for the table. Then click on the field name for the column you want to get rid of and press the delete key. It will prompt you to make sure you want to do it, as you will lose the data in it if you do. Click OK if you want to and it will be gone. When you next open the table, the column will no longer be in it.

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Basically to minimize redundancy (unnecessary repetition) of data in the database. By storing only information (fields) that directly relate to each other in each table AND modeling how the tables should relate to each other you also get the maximum flexibility in ways to retrieve information. A simple example would be a table to store INVOICES and a table to store CUSTOMERS. The INVOICE table only has information about an invoice; Inv#, Amount, Date, etc. and The CUSTOMER table information about customers; Name, Address, Phone, etc. An Invoice has one customer but a customer can have many invoices. If we give the customer a unique ID then, in the INVOICE table we need only store that ID (called a foreign key) but with it the database can look up the rest. So you dont store customer name, address, etc over and over again every time a customer gets a new invoice. The process of splitting up data into separate structures is called normalization. Often times data is de-normalized and repeating data allowed for performance or snapshot reasons.

Microsoft SQL Server is their flagship DBMS application, but had become increasingly difficult for the casual and non-technical user to maintain and use, not to mention having far more capabilities than the non-business user was likely to ever need. As a result, Access was developed with far fewer bells and whistles and with user-friendly wizards and drag-and-drop capability. It was also added to Microsoft Office for ease of installation and maintenance.

Phone Network is useful because it has the ability of quick access and low cost makes phone network useful in ms access. Phone network is a secured and reliable network among all networks. So it is more easy to use and most of the people want quick access on net. Phone network gives them that ability to do so. It is also suitable for long range communication.

Referential integrity.

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