Mining

Generally speaking, the chemical process is known as the Bayer process. It is used to turn mined Bauxite ore into alumina. The fist stage is known as Digestion. The Bauxite is ground in mills and then slurried up with hot, caustic soda solution. this dissolves the Alumina that is contained in the Bauxite ore. Other impurities found in the Bauxite such as silica, iron and titanium compounds are not dissolved. The next stage is known as Clarification. The Bauxite ore and Caustic soda slurry are passed into rows of Settler tanks (also known as thickeners or clarifiers). Usually with the help of a diesel based polymer known as flocculant and a defoamer, the mud and impurities will settle to the bottom of the Thickener, leaving a clear alumina charged 'pregnant liquor' overflow. This is further filtered and passed on to the next stage in the process known as Precipitation. During Precipitation, the liquor is cooled, concentrated and stirred in open top tanks until it forms crystals. Pure alumina is added to the mixture to encourage alumina trihydrate crystals to form. It is then moved along to the next stage of the process. In Calcination, the alumina trihydrate crystals are washed, filtered and heated in gas fired kilns (usually at temperatures exceeding 1 100 degress celcius). This removes the 3 molecules of water from the alumina trihydrate. The remaining fine white powder is known as alumina. It is then typically cooled and stored until it is ready to be sent to a Smelting facility to be made into Aluminium. Typically, you will use 2 tonnes of Bauxite to produce 1 tonne of Alumina. There are a number of side streams of the process but this is just a very brief overview..

Iron goes through a number of stages between ore and final steel product. In the first stage, iron ore is heated with limestone and coke (pure carbon) in a blast furnace. A blast furnace is a very large oven in which the temperature may reach 1,500°C (2,700°F). In the blast furnace, coke removes oxygen from iron ore

Read more: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/C-K/Iron.html#ixzz1820JDBkZ

The six secondary colors are orange, green, violet, teal, chartreuse, and magenta. These colors are created by mixing primary colors together in equal parts.

Plutonium is produced in operating nuclear reactors. Uranium is exposed to the neutron flux within the reactor and this is how we generally synthesize this heavy metal.

The fact that plutonium can be used for nuclear weapons places limits on those who wish to acquire plutonium. In addition to its use as material for weapons, it is radioactive and toxic. Plutonium is purchased from a few national suppliers, and there are extremely strict limits on who can buy it and how much a buyer can get.

You put the ore in the furnace.. Its a bar.. Woooo

you produce carbon dioxide and molten iron

pour off molten iron

mix with limestone and coal

and last place with blast furnace

Some examples of sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, shale, and conglomerate. Limestone forms from the accumulation of calcium carbonate shell fragments, sandstone is made up of sand-sized mineral particles cemented together, shale consists of fine-grained clay and silt particles compacted over time, and conglomerate is composed of rounded pebbles or gravel held together by a matrix.

No, because in order to be a silicate a mineral needs to have both silicon and oxygen. The composition for calcite is CaCO3. Calcite is a carbonate mineral.

Tin can be extracted from its ore, cassiterite, through a process called smelting. The ore is heated with carbon in a furnace to separate the tin from the other elements. The tin melts and can be collected as it is denser than the impurities.

Metals like iron, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, and gold are typically extracted from metal ores. Ore processing involves separating the desired metal from the ore through processes like smelting and refining.

Well, it is an ore of sulphur and definetly not of gold, as you can buy pyrite at quite a low cost, therefore making it quite poplular for rock collectors. another reason it is popular is because of its interesting crystals and the fact that is looks like gold and people can often mistake it for it (unless you see the price!) hence the name 'fools gold'

This is all i know and i hope it helps.

1. OIL- It is nearly run out.

2. SOLAR ENERGY- The sun is above our heads, shining until the world ends. Why not use it? One problem: solar energy is expensive!

3. Hydro electric power- Ever been on a powerful river? That current is strong! The river powers turbines that provide electricity. Water will keep flowing as long as the world is alive! We're already aware of the effects of damming up a river, sometimes causing loss of homes, but it's still a good source of energy.

4. Wind turbines- they help create energy which we use every day.

5. and last of all - Geothermal Power- Hot springs are a natural relaxation spot for many people. They can also be used for power! The steam and hot water can be used to turn turbines, and can also heat houses and buildings. Not only do you have a way to soak and relax, you have a power source, too! Sadly, not too many places in the world are prime spots for this type of power.

The advantages of surface mining are: * It is cheaper to extract the ore or metal than underground mining * Less chance of workers dying from toxic fumes, therefore it is safer unlike underground mining. * It is also faster The disadvantages of surface mining are:

* That it destroys the landscape and environment * Effects the habitats of fauna potentially effecting the existing ecosystem in that area * Flora is destroyed * Causes noise, air and water pollution

Potassium is primarily mined through the solution mining method, where water is injected into underground ore deposits to dissolve the potassium salts. The resulting brine is then brought to the surface and processed to extract the potassium. This method is more cost-effective and less environmentally disruptive compared to traditional mining techniques.

Calcite, which is the compound calcium carbonate (CaCO3) forms carbonic acid (H2CO3) which decomposes into water and carbon dioxide gas.

The process by which the nucleus of an atom changes so that a new element forms is called nuclear transmutation or nuclear reactions. This process involves changes in the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, leading to the formation of a new element with different chemical properties.

Nickel can be mined in various countries around the world, with major producers including Indonesia, the Philippines, Russia, Canada, and Australia. These countries have significant nickel reserves and play a key role in global nickel production.

No, your pencil-lead is made out of graphite and pencils are cheap.. so.. mining graphite would be..... cheap! == Expensive is a relative term. If you consider the expenditure of large sums of money to purchase excavating equipment, offices, large trucks, processing equipment, insurance, labor, payroll taxes, accounting, compliance with government safety and environmental regulations, and so on......it doesn't sound cheap anymore.

Yes, minerals are composed of atoms. They are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure formed by the arrangement of atoms.

Aluminum is found in the crust of the Earth. It makes up the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust, following oxygen and silicon, and followed by iron. It makes up roughly 8% of the Earth's crust, so this element is not very rare.

Aluminum is a cheap metal. It is useable for everyday things like aluminum foil and soda cans.

The most economical ore for processing is bauxite -- hydrated aluminum oxide, often with hydrated iron(III) oxide as an impurity. Bauxite is found in many places around the world, but mostly in tropical countries.

Australia is the world's largest producer of aluminum/alumina, with a major resource at Weipa (Gulf of Carpentaria), and Indonesia, China, and Brazil following. Guinea and Vietnam probably have larger reserves.

Petroleum is not a mineral because it is an organic substance derived from the remains of ancient plants and animals, while minerals are inorganic compounds with a crystalline structure formed in nature. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, whereas minerals are naturally occurring solid substances with a specific chemical composition.

The mining industry finds paleontology useful because studying fossils can help identify potential mineral deposits. Fossils can indicate the presence of certain minerals or the geological conditions that may harbor valuable resources. This information can aid in making informed decisions about where to explore and extract minerals.

Iron can be found naturally in the Earth's crust, primarily in the form of various iron ores such as hematite, magnetite, and siderite. It is commonly extracted through mining operations in locations with abundant iron deposits. Additionally, small amounts of iron can also be found in various minerals and rocks.

The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of Earth consisting of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is composed of solid rock materials, such as granite (continental crust) and basalt (oceanic crust), which vary in thickness and composition depending on location. The lithosphere also includes tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath.