Monarchy

Limited monarchy gives more power to the people. The gorvernment has more control. In an absolute monarchy, the king, queen, or president has all of the power, and "the poeple" dont get any say in what goes on, until there is a reelection.

Of his own free will, not much. But he was forced to sign the Magna Carta that gave them rights, but not many.

Probably because Protestantism did not tie them to Rome and make them subservient to the Pope. The Pope had the power to excommunicate anyone, including kings. I know of at least one Catholic king who humbled himself to the Pope rather than be excommunicated. Of course, a Protestant king was still answerable to God, but he need not have worried about another man sentencing him to eternal damnation.

the grant to new york (or back then new amsterdam) to The Duke of York

You are asking about a 1/2 Rupee coin from India (KM#522). The coin is roughly the size of a US quarter, weighs 5.83 grams and is 91.7% silver, giving it an ASW ("Actual Silver Weight") of 0.1719 troy ounces. The obverse (front) has a crowned bust of King George the Fifth and the words "GEORGE V KING EMPEROR". The reverse have a rather large and ornate floral wreath, with the words "HALF RUPEE INDIA 1929" in the center. 4,050,000 such coins were produced in 1929 at the Calcutta mint.

According to the Standard Catalog of World Coins, and example is valued at US$5.00 in Fine condition, US$6.00 in Very Fine condition, US$12.00 in Extremely Fine condition, and US$28.00 in Uncirculated condition. A small number of Proof coins were also produced and and valued at about US$500.00. Additionally, Proof-Like restrikes were produced at a later date and valued at about US$150.00 (I'm not sure how to differentiate the Proof original from the Proof-Like restrike).

southern France

she was queen of England and France at the same time.

At the time of her marriage to Henry II, Eleanor was already Duchess of Aquitaine, however she retained personal control of most of her lands.

The theory is that God appoints rulers by His Hand. Therefore, if God appointed the king, his is the right to rule. So it is customary to understand that any ruling monarch should be succeeded by his child. The trick is to be born into the right family.

The concept comes from the JudeoChristian Bible, in which first Saul and then David was appointed king over Israel. Further, if Saul had not been deposed by the very God Who had appointed him in the first place, his son Jonathan would have been the next king of Israel. However, David was appointed successor to Saul, which didn't sit very well with Saul who tried to have David killed. David's successors were all direct descendants of himself, thereby affirming God's announced favor to the Davidic line and it's right to rule over Israel.

Rights monarchs claimed were granted by God.

Because they were son and mother, respectively. Queen Mary was married to King George V and they had six children including more than enough male heirs, thus being sufficient reason to stop producing.

All official executions were carried out in public at that time.

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Since the last two came to bad ends, the name was probably considered unlucky for royalty and it is unlikely William will name his sons this way too.

Mary I did have her relative Lady Jane Grey executed, after an attempt was made to put her on the throne instead of Mary (Lady Jane was a Protestant, Mary was Catholic). However, she did not generally kill her relatives; the name Bloody Mary came about due to the large number of Protestants she had executed.

The Pharaoh King Narmer reigned in ancient Egypt sometime between the 30th and the 34th centuries BC. There is still a great deal of uncertainty about him, including exactly who he was and how long he reigned. It is also not know for sure how old he was when he died. Estimates are that he was about 30 to 40 years old at the time of his death.

English King Edward the VII married Alexandra of Denmark in 1863. They were still married at the time of his death in 1910.

Queen Victoria was crowned at Westminster Abbey in London on 28th June 1838.

Westminster Abbey, the Royal Church, so to speak. By the way Five Sovereign Queens lie buried in this church- Victoria is not one of them, She is interred at the Frogmore Mausoleum, in the Windsor Castle complex- the so-called Home Park, it is a memorial park, not a public pleasure garden.

Elizabeth I reign was over. James I of England (also James VI of Scotland) was left with Elizabeths debt. The people of England were in turmoil with one another regarding religion, Catholic or Protestant. Elizabeth I had been a protestant and there had been many plots to remove her from the throne and place a catholic on it (for example, Mary Stuart, James I mother).

James faced many problems during his reign, earliest of which was the gun powder plot in 1605. A plot led by Guy Fawkes to blow up parliament. James I had favourites in his court and gave them (his friends) important positions in parliament. This caused many problems for everyone.

English peasants were still impoverished and held religion very close to their everyday lives. Many women were abandoned when pregnant by men who had made marriage promises, but then took off after sex. People were very superstitious and a witch hunt or two were not uncommon. Furthermore with the introduction of trade from the new world, commodities such as tobacco were introduced to the upper class. The upper class in England during James I reign were very wealthy yet the lower classes and peasants were quite poor.

grandma

When Edward VI died he was sixteen years old

George III

King James I did not write any books of the Bible. Instead, he had paid scribes. He had words such as "poisoner" and "wickedness" changed to "witch" and "sorcery" to support his aversion toward the local poor Pagan communities.

The dowager empress Tzu Hsi (there are various punctuations) who died in l908. This is her centennial year. She was empress at the time of the violent Boxer Rebellion. JUdged form photos taken late in her life in her last years she had both legs amputated and was always photographed in a seated posture. If one makes allowances for Oriental style, she was a beautiful woman of her Race. Probably either Mainland or Nationalist (Taiwan) will honor the last empress with a stamp issue. She is extremely popular in Chinatown as an ancestral figure akin to say, Queen Victoria with Westerners. She is considred a Boddhisattva (enlightened posthumous-soul) Roughtly in Chinese Buddhism . One can loosely angle this off as (Buddhist Saint).or posthumously honored personage. well no fleeting fame with Tzu Hsi!

1. Absolute Monarchy: Saudi Arabia
2. Constitutional Monarchy: Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Morocco (if North Africa counts)
3. Absolute Emirates: (An Emir is officially a Prince, but rules in the same way as a King) All 7 Emirates of the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait
4. Absolute Sultanate: (Sultan comes from the Arabic word for "power" where as Mulk - King comes from the Arabic word for "owner" and are basically the same thing) Oman

They did not, it happened the other war round, Rome started out as a republic ruled by the senate, then after Julius Caesar (who refused to be king/emperor when this was offered to him), Rome became a monarchy ruled by an emperor.

Because they were "uncomfortable" with monarchy. That is my opinion, though. Hope that helps :)

Actually Rome had just less than seven kings when it was born, then it became a republic until its end. They had consoles, senators and democracy but it was an empire. Rome wasnt governed by a king or emperor per se, but by senators although the emperor had more powers than nowaddays presidents.

This answer is provided by Mrs. T's Y8 History class in the Thomas Alleyne School, Stevenage, Herts. Henry VIII went against the pope in 1533. He was married to Catherine of Aragon but she did not produce a male heir. He had fallen in love with Anne Boleyne. He asked the Pope for a divorce because the Pope had oroginally given him permission to marry his brother's (Arthur) widow. The Pope was being held captive by Catherine's nephew, Emperor Charles V, so would not agree. In a Catholic Europe divorce was not acceptable. Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and the Pope and declared himself to be the Head of the Church of England. Thomas Cranmer (Archbishop of Canterbury) could now declare Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon unlawful (because the bible states you cannot marry your brother's wife). However, Henry had already secretly married Anne Boleyne (bigamously) and she was pregnant (with Elizabeth I, so was illigitemate, which would cause problems later) Henry then proceeded to close down the monasteries.

He was considered a traitor by the new republic of France because he was an oppressive ruler to the poor. The nobility (including the royal family) lived in extravagant splendor while the peasants did not even have bread (as you know, bread is a big deal in France). The nobles would work them like slaves, with the king's permission, and would not pay them.

In short, he was guillotined as a traitor because he did not take the trouble to improve the conditions of the poor. He and his family tried to escape from France.