Muscular System

The gene that is mutated in a person who has Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is called the ACVR1 gene. A small mutation in one of the two copies of the ACVR1 gene modifies the meaning of its genetic message, so a defective protein is made.

Yes, ATP is the primary energy source for muscle contraction. During intense exercise, ATP stored within the muscle cells is rapidly depleted and must be regenerated through metabolic pathways to sustain muscle contractions.

Muscle spindles are the fibers in skeletal muscles that are stimulated by the degree of stretch. These specialized sensory organs detect changes in muscle length and contribute to the stretch reflex, helping to maintain posture and control muscle contraction.

During intense exercise, muscle cells produce lactate as a byproduct of anaerobic energy metabolism when oxygen supply is limited. This process helps regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue and sustain energy production. Lactate can be metabolized in the liver or other tissues to produce more energy or converted back to pyruvate for further energy production.

Yes, prolonged sitting and inactivity can lead to reduced flexibility over time. This is because the muscles and joints are not being regularly stretched and moved through their full range of motion, causing them to become stiff and less flexible. It's important to incorporate movement and stretching exercises into your routine to maintain flexibility.

The source of energy for your muscles, usually in the form of glucose from food, is broken down in cells through a process called cellular respiration. This process converts glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is then used as the primary energy source for muscle contractions. The ATP molecules travel to the muscle fibers through the bloodstream.

Cells that require high amounts of energy production, such as muscle cells, will have more mitochondria to meet the increased energy demands. For example, heart muscle cells have a high concentration of mitochondria to support the continuous pumping of the heart.

Muscle fiber contraction is a complex process involving a number of cell parts and chemical substances that result in the sliding movement of the actin and myosin filaments and causes a contraction. A myosin filament is composed of protein strands with globular ends called cross-bridges that extend outward along the length of the filament. The actin filaments have ADP molecules attached to its surface that serve as active sites for linking the cross-bridges of the myosin filaments.

Although the process is not completely understood, the sliding filament theory suggests that the myosin cross-bridge attaches to an actin active site and bends slightly, pulling the actin with it. It releases its attachment, straightens, and combines with another active site further down the actin filament, causing the sarcomere to shorten.

When the nerve impulse reaches the distal end of its branch, acetylcholine is released into the gap. The acetylcholine diffuses rapidly across the motor end plate and combines with protein receptors in the sarcolemma. This causes a muscle impulse to be generated and pass in all directions over the entire sarcolemma, and through the T-tubules deep into the fiber. The S.R., which contains a high concentration of calcium ions, becomes more permeable and allows the ions to diffuse into the sarcoplasm. When a high enough concentration is present in the sarcoplasm, the linkages between the actin and myosin filaments occur and contraction takes place. The calcium ions are moved quickly back into the S.R. by an active transport system (calcium pump). When enough calcium ions have been removed from the sarcoplasm, the muscle relaxes. At the same time, the acetylcholine is rapidly decomposed by the enzyme cholinesterase. This prevents a single nerve impulse from causing a sustained contraction.

Organs are located inside your body and are responsible for helping your body to function. For example, your liver is an organ. Muscles are also located in the body and they are responsible for movement and strength. They help you move around.

A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments that connect bones at a joint. It can cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion in the affected joint. In severe cases, a sprain may require medical treatment and rehabilitation to heal properly.

The prime movers for plantar flexion are the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The gastrocnemius is responsible for fast, powerful movements while the soleus provides endurance and stability during activities like walking and running.

Increased blood flow delivers more oxygen and nutrients to muscle cells, enhancing their ability to produce energy through aerobic metabolism. This process results in higher ATP production and improved muscle function during physical activity. Additionally, better blood flow helps remove waste products, such as lactic acid, which can impede energy production in muscle cells.

The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 AD

The muscles of the airways contract during an asthma attack, leading to narrowing of the air passages and making it difficult to breathe. This constriction is triggered by various factors such as allergies, exercise, or irritants like smoke. Prompt treatment with medications can help to relax the muscles and alleviate symptoms.

The wall of muscle underneath your lungs is called the diaphragm. It plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing to help draw air into the lungs and then push air out.

Voluntary motions are completely under the control of an organism like walking, jumping etc but Involuntary motions are completed without any conscious recognition and effort of organism like heart beat and reflex actions.

Not quite the same as conscious versus unconscious.

Muscle Fatique occurs when low o2 conditions deplete Atp and cp stores acaerobic respiration creates lactic acid. drops in ph and o2 debt lead to failure of the muscle to maintaain contractions

Muscle cells can change shape through processes such as hypertrophy (increase in size) or atrophy (decrease in size). Hypertrophy occurs when the muscle cell grows in response to increased workload, such as through exercise. Atrophy, on the other hand, can be caused by disuse, injury, or disease which results in a reduction in the size of the muscle cell.

Your muscles need a lot of energy to work, since every movement you make is using a lot of your muscles, and since ATP is energy, you need a lot of energy to go to your muscle cells because you use them all the time - even like typing at the computer, or just sitting up straight at your computer chair.

The cells of heart muscle are striated (like stripes on a tie) as is skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found only in the walls of the heart. They can contract but also carry an action potential (i.e. conduct electricity), like the neurons that constitute nerves. Some of the cells have the ability to generate an action potential, known as cardiac muscle automaticity. That is they beat on their own and in union with each other.

If your options are

Latissimus doris

Rectus abdominus

Biceps brachii

Obliques

Then the correct answer is Rectus abdominus

The cells that transmit sensory messages are called nerve cells or neurons. Muscle cells, also known as myocytes, are responsible for contraction and movement.

The soleus muscle is located directly beneath the gastrocnemius and also functions in plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint. Both muscles work together to help propel the body forward during walking or running.

Some examples of muscular power activities include jumping, sprinting, medicine ball throws, plyometric exercises, and kettlebell swings. These activities involve explosive movements that require a rapid application of force.

The muscular passageway conveying sperm to the ejaculatory duct in the spermatic cord is called the vas deferens. It is a long, muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation.