Nerves

Functional types of neurons:

1. sensory (afferent) neurons - input to CNS from sensory receptors; dendrites located at receptors, axons in nerves, cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS

2. motor (efferent) neurons - output from CNS to effectors cell bodies and dendrites located in the CNS, axons in nerves

3. interneurons - communicate and integrate information within the CNS;

located entirely within the CNS

A neuron transmits signals from its cell body, where the nucleus is located, to other neurons or target cells through its axon. The axon carries the electrical impulses away from the cell body towards the synapse, where communication with other cells occurs.

Nociceptors are the neurons in the skin that are responsible for detecting pain. They are specialized sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the brain, alerting the body to the presence of tissue-damaging stimuli like heat, pressure, or chemicals.

It's a bit ambiguous, if you mean by creating more cell then no, brain cell cease to duplicate once we reach a certain age around 2-3 years old (I'm not very sure about the time) since it's a highly specialized cell.

Afferent nerves are the one that carry the information from periphery to central nervous system for further processinng. While efferent nerves carry the processed information from central nervous system towards the periphery for action.

The term for inflammation of a nerve is neuritis.

A nerve is one or more bundles of fibers forming part of a system that conveys impulses of sensation, motion, etc., between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body.

Neurology is the science of the nerves and the nervous system, especially of the diseases affecting them.

cephalization

Motor neurons are neurons which carry impulses from the Central Nervous System to muscles or glands. When an action potential is conducted by a motor neuron a muscle contracts or a product is released from a gland.

The second cranial nerve is the optic nerve, which tells the brain what the eye is seeing

The high-speed signals that pass along the axon are called action potentials. They spread in a wave of depolarization.

They process and relay sensory input from your nose.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that send messages from one cell to another.

Cranial nerves

You have a really good question. Studying the nervous system can be overwhelming and quit confusing. Preganglionic Neurons come from the CNS to the Ganglion ( mass of neuron cell bodies and dendrites) and Postganglionic neurons leave the ganglion and head toward the effector organ ( smooth muscle, glands, etc..).

In simplest terms, the five stages of action potential are...

A. Action Potential

B. Depolarization

C. Recovery Phase

D. Refractory Period

E. Hyper-polarization

We can be thankful that they go in only one direction; otherwise brain activity would be nothing but chaos. Neurotransmission begins at the synapse. At the synapse, only one of the two corresponding neurons has receptor locations that determine whether or not the receiving neuron will fire. The other neuron at the synapse is responsible for producing the neurotransmitters that attach to the receptors. There is sometimes a re-uptake of neurotransmitters when there are no more receptors for them to attach to. Some psychotropic drugs work to inhibit this re-uptake.

There are the Mixed Nerves in the spinal column that carry both sensory and motor nerves, but these neurons have 2 different jobs that they do,& I know of no neurons doing both as the impulses travel to 2 different locations which couldn't be done at the same time.

Some patients have severe pain and double vision (diplopia), in addition to problems moving their eyes normally. The affected eye tends to move down and out, due to an inequality in muscle functioning. The eye cannot move up, down, or in.

Dendrites receive inputs from other neurons, via synapses.

Mirror neurons were first discovered by a group of psychologists and its leader, Giacomo Rizzolatti. They were researching neural activities in macaque monkeys when they came upon the effects of mirror neurons. They discovered that the monkeys' brains released the same neuron when performing an activity but also when observing it, hence the saying, "Monkey see, monkey do." For example, a task involved grabbing food. Their brains released the same neurons while watching the psychologists grab foods. This relationship is due to the effects of mirror neurons.

These neurons naturally allow us to react and imitate our surroundings. Happy people are usually around other happy people. A smile is mirrored by another smile. Feeling someone's pain in a football game even though you are not in the game itself is another example of mirror neuron activities. When children are born, they imitate the actions of others, such as the parents. They develop a schema for when to smile, cross the street, or how to handle food.

Those diagnosed with autism, a social disorder, are an exception. They seem to lack mirror neural activity which explains why they cannot relate with other people. Autistic victims only focus on themselves instead of the actions of others.

At a synapse, the signal that passes from one neuron to another is primarily in the form of neurotransmitters. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, it triggers the release of these chemical messengers into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, leading to changes in its membrane potential that can initiate a new action potential.

acetylcholine

The skin has nerves to detect changes in the external environment. The nerves of the skin can detect heat and cold, pressure, pain, and touch.

it travels through the dendrite to the synaptic terminal to the axon