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Nerves
Nerves are thread-like structures that form a network of pathways that transmit information from the brain to the body and the body to the brain, in the form of electrical impulses.
1,605 Questions
What is the effect of the myelin sheath on synaptic transmission?
Myalin sheath gives insulation to the neurons. They also hasten the nerve conduction by saltatory conduction.
What signal travels along the axon?
The high-speed signals that pass along the axon are called action potentials. They spread in a wave of depolarization.
What does a ion exchange pump transport at the normal resting potential of a typical neuron?
3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions
A motor neuron is an efferent neuron as it 'sends out' a signal as opposed to sensory nerves which are afferent and relay information from the periphery towards the central nervous system.
What type of food stimulates nerve regeneration?
The human body, in its optimal condition, is capable of selecting the most appropriate molecules to rebuild a nerve. So eat in moderation a wide variety of foods and do gentle exercise. Nerves can take up to 2 years to rebuild, but they have a remarkable ability to heal. Don't forget to get ample, regular sleep.
How do neurons communicate with one another?
Neurons communicate by either chemical or electrical synapses. By far the predominant method is chemical though. The neuron releases a neurotransmitter like acetyl choline, glutamate, glycine and others to which the postsynaptic neuron or cell responds to.
Synapses are the contact points where one neuron communicates with another. The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons. Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
What is the correct path that the nerve impulse will follow in a reflex arc?
Slightly oversimplifying it:
- electrically through the cell dendrites, body, and axon via trans-membrane ion transport
- chemically across the synapse via emptying of vacuoles of neurotransmitter by the sending cell into the synapse and binding of this neurotransmitter to matching receptors on the receiving cell, causing it to fire electrically
- repeat from cell to cell down the length of the nerve
What other cranial nerves contain sensory fibers?
The listed cranial nerves provide both sensory and motor innervation:
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- Facial nerve (CN VII)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- Vagus nerve (CN X)
...."My 5 year old son is very bothered by loud, busy places/loud noises and tends to "shut down" or struggle when there is a lot of background noise. This is clearly interfering with his ability to function in school and social environments. His Occupational Therapist and Speech Therapist have not been able to offer any real advice on methods to address this problem. Do you have any suggestions? "
....--Patti
>
Sensitivity to certain noises and sounds is a very common problem in people
with Asperger¹s who also have sensory integration problems. This problem
is often called auditory defensiveness. Defensiveness occurs because the
individual is often trying to protect themselves from sounds that are very
irritating, scary or stressful. Some individuals are sensitive to only loud
sudden noises, such as fire drills, but others can be sensitive to noises
that others easily screen out, such as the background noises of machines
(e.g. fans, fluorescent lights, computers, ticking clocks, etc.) Also, some
individuals are sensitive to only certain voices, sometimes those that have
a higher pitched sound. Sensitivity to higher frequency sounds is also
common. Every person who has sensitivities experiences them differently.
The frustrating thing is that we can not always control for these sounds
that occur in our everyday environment and unfortunately the world seems to
be a louder place. Electronic sounds and loud music fill our lives. There are many ways to begin to help an individual with sensitivity to
sounds. Providing special accommodations for the individual or trying
methods to change the way sounds are emitted in the environment is
recommended. One might speak with professionals who treat children with
auditory sensitivity. I will try and provide some suggestions for each kind
of solution.
1. If you know that the child will be in an environment that will have
bothersome noises, you can try to provide strong sensory input before hand
that the child likes and helps them feel calm. These are often those that
offer strong input to the muscles and joints and deep pressure to the skin.
Some children like jumping or rough and tumble play. Carrying heavy
weighted objects or pushing heavy objects (wagons or carts) might also help.
2. Provide headphones or ear plugs that the child might use during the noisy
times. To view headphones made specifically for this purpose, log onto
www.sensorycomfort.com They also have a number of books and resources that
address this problem. In school, teachers might allow headphones if not
hooked into music, or some might even allow use of soft, classical music to
use on a Walkman.
3. Use earplugs (e.g. used for swimmers) that will provide protection,
however some children find these uncomfortable. You might try them first to
see how the child accepts them.
4. Some younger children might be do fine with just holding their hands over
their ears, if they are motivated enough to stay for a "noisy" event. For
instance, if they like musical concerts, you might help them cover their
ears to dampen down the sound.
5. I would not recommend taking a young child to fireworks displays if you
know they definitely have auditory sensitivity, However, if an older child
likes fireworks and is familiar with them but has auditory sensitivity, I
would recommend sitting far away and observing them from a distance.
Helping them cover their ears the entire time to dampen the sound might also
be helpful.
6. You might need to remove the child from the area until the sound goes
away or find a quieter corner that is away from the noise. For instance, in
a noisy restaurant try and find a quiet corner away from the kitchen. In a
noisy classroom you might suggest having a very quiet corner for the child
to go to get away from the noise.
7. Use rugs and/or curtains in a room to improve the acoustics of a room and
decrease the loudness of sounds. Turning off fluorescent lights might help.
(Use of natural lighting is often less stimulating anyway.)
8. Warn a child before hand if possible of any pending loud sounds. Let
them know you will be vacuuming the floor or using the washing machine and
help them with a plan to accommodate, whether it be to leave the room, wear
headphones, or use earplugs. In schools where fire drills occur several
times a year, you might speak to the teacher to see if there is a way to
warn the child ahead of time and develop a plan. In a small school or
preschool, you might suggest having the teachers use a soft sounding musical
instrument to warn the children, such as a triangle or soft flute. The
preschool where my daughters attended has used the triangle for years and
has had many a successful fire drill.
9. Educate, educate, and educate! Share your awareness about your child¹s
sensitivity with teachers, family members, neighbors, etc. When a child
know that adults around him/her understand their "hidden" needs, the child
feels safer and is likely to feel less anxious.
10. If sensitivities to sounds become a serious issue that you would like to
see change, there are many specialists who can address these problems with
providing a kind of sensitivity training. Two methods that some people use
are called the Tomatis or Berard methods. These men have each developed
methods of intensive auditory therapy using specialized equipment. Those
using the method must be highly trained and have access to this equipment.
This type of intervention is usually directed at improving auditory
processing and decreasing sensitivity to auditory input although other
benefits are also reported. Many children and adults, especially those on
the Autistic spectrum, have been involved in auditory training. To learn
more about Tomatis, contact www.tomatis.com. To learn more about Berard, or
the Berard Auditory Integration Training system, contact
www.auditory-integration.net. There are some occupational therapists that
have started to combine the use of the Tomatis method and sensory
integration intervention together in their practice.
11. Some occupational therapists also have training with Therapeutic
Listening therapy that they use within the scope of a sensory integration
treatment session and in an intensive home program. To learn more about
this, see www.vitalLinks.net>
....
What are the basic parts of neuron?
The three main parts of a neuron are the axon, the dendrites, and the soma (cell body).
The axon carries information away from the soma and transmits it to other neurons. The dendrites receive information from other neurons. The soma contains the nucleus of the cell and protein synthesis occurs here.
What are 5 ailments of the nervous system?
Common ailments of the nervous system include:
Poliomyelitis
Tumor
Cerebral palsy
Cerebral thrombosis
Amnesia
Epilepsy
Meningitis
Paralysis
Encephalitis
Spinocerebellar Degeneration Disease
nana , infection of bacterial inanimous super caoptain barbel
contusion
concussion
parinksons disease
common ailments of the nervous system
1.the coronary is a weak befuddle
head injury,brain tumor,
describe the common ailments affecting the nervous syste? Some of the most common ailments of the nervous system include Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy. Some others are Cerebrovascular accident and Transient Ischemic Attack.
Yes it is true that graded potential can be called postsynaptic potentials. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called generator potential.
Nerves are composed of nerve cells; the long connecting parts of the nerve cells are called axons. The biochemistry of nerve cells is similar to that of other cells, but they do have an insulating layer, the myelin sheath, which gives them a relatively high concentration of fat.
The receptor!
What is the area between neurons across which nerve impulses travel?
no, synapse. node of ranvier is between axon and dendrites
Where are the most nerve endings in your body?
Areas that are more associated with sensory systems such as hands feet have more nerves
What are the 3 main parts of neuron or nerve cells?
- Cell body (also known as soma)
- axon
- myelin sheath (not present in all neurons)
- synapse (at the end where neurotransmitters are released to. Not really a part as it is not technically attached to the neuron)
- dendrites
- axon terminal
I think you could mean association fibres - the fibres (also called axons) being the long thin part of a neuron? Association fibres connect various areas of the brain to one another, and act as a kind of relay station where incoming sensory information is compared with previous experience of that information, and then integrate the appropriate motor response. For example, imagine you're driving along the road when you see a traffic light up ahead turn to amber. So the sensory input is visual information from your eyes; it arrives at the appropriate 'relay area' in your brain, where information is quickly brought up from the learning areas reminding you that an amber light means it's gonna be red by the time you reach it, so you'd better start slowing down; another visual message supplies the information of how far you are away from the light, and yet another how fast you are driving; now some more 'learned' information comes in, telling you (based on your previous driving experiences) things like how many seconds it'll be before you reach the light, and how hard to need to press on the brake pedal to be able to stop safely and in time. In the meantime, messages have been drafted & sent to the motor cortex: the rough draft is that the muscles in your leg & foot are gonna have some work to do very soon; the motor cortex responds by sending a message back to the association area: "OK, ready when you are; this is the current state of play as regards the precise position of foot and leg right now - so how hard are we gonna have to work?" So now the association fibres have all the information they need; they integrate all of these messages so that they the final message sent out via the motor association area to the motor cortex can tell those muscles exactly how hard your foot needs to press on the brake pedal to stop the car in the precise spot it needs to stop. This is a very simplified description of the incredibly complex work done by the association fibres to help you carry out just one little action.
What part of the brain routes nerve impulses from your senses?
Most nerve impulses from our senses are routed through the: Thalamus-
What chemicals are released when a nerve impulse arrives at the synapse?
Neurotransmitters. There are several hundred different neurotransmitters used by different types of nerves in different parts of the body, a few are:
- acetylcholine
- dopamine
- serotonin
- glutamate
- aspartate
- D-serine
- γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- glycine
- nitric oxide (NO)
- carbon monoxide (CO)
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine (adrenaline)
- histamine
- phenethylamine
- N-methylphenethylamine
- tyramine
- 3-iodothyronamine
- octopamine
- tryptamine
- somatostatin
- substance P
- cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, opioid peptides[9]
- adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- adenosine
- anandamide
- β-endorphin
- vasopressin
- dynorphin
- oxytocin
- etc.
