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Oceanography
Oceanography, also called marine science, is the study of oceans. It includes the study of physical oceanography, marine chemistry, marine geology, and marine biology. Areas covered in oceanography are the shape, depth, and distribution of oceans, and also their composition, life forms, ecology, and water currents, as well as their legal status. If you would like to know more or share your knowledge about oceanography, ask and answer questions here! Includes questions related to the study of Earth's oceans and seas.
1,839 Questions
What has the most oxygen running water or standing water fresh water or salt water?
Running water typically has more oxygen than standing water because the movement of the water helps to aerate and oxygenate the water. Freshwater usually contains more oxygen than saltwater due to differences in solubility and temperature affecting oxygen levels.
What is the word for salt water and fresh water mixed?
Brackish is the word used to describe a mixture of salt and fresh water.
Could a tsunami happen in December?
Yes, tsunamis can happen in any month of the year. They can be triggered by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides, and are not tied to a specific season or month. It is important to always be prepared and aware of the risks in coastal areas.
Does all salts disssolve in water?
Technically, all salts are soluble (i.e. will dissolve) in water - the problem is what context you are thinking of. Salts such as sodium chloride are so highly soluble in water that it is obvious that they dissolve, but other salts which are so poorly soluble that they are termed insoluble still have some solubility.
An example of this is Fluorite (calcium fluoride), which most people would regard as insoluble in water. In fact, fluorite is soluble in water at a level of approximately 10-4 moles/kg (8mg/litre), so with enough water and enough time to dissolve it, fluorite will dissolve. Another example from geology is quartz, which makes up most beach sand. This is soluble in water at a level of 10kg per million kg of water, and it is estimated that this is process alone is responsible, on average, for the lowering of the land surface by 1cm per 1000 years.
SiO2 + 2H2O --> Si(OH)4 (aq)
So, in a similar way, all salts - even supposedly insoluble salts - will dissolve in water; it really depends upon how much water you have available and what kinetic barriers there are to the salt dissolving.
In some cases, though, the solution process is incongruent. For example, orthoclase may dissolve in water to give kaolinite:
2KAlSi3O8 +11H2O --> Al2Si2O5 + 4Si(OH)4 + 2K+ +2OH-
Other factors to take into account are the pressure and temperature. Salts that are insoluble at room temperature and pressure may be very soluble at elevated temperatures and pressures. In the case of fluorite, its solubility at 1000 °C under 2 GPa of pressure increases two thousand times to 0.247 mol/kg H2O.
What is produced in dissolved seawater when the two most abundant elements are combined?
When the two most abundant elements in seawater, sodium and chloride ions, combine, they form sodium chloride salt (NaCl), which is commonly known as table salt. This compound makes up the majority of the dissolved solids in seawater.
The rise and fall in sea level caused by gravity is called?
The rise and fall in sea level caused by gravity is called a tidal cycle. Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun acting on the Earth's oceans.
What are the names of mid ocean ridges around the world?
Some of the major mid-ocean ridges around the world include the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the East Pacific Rise, the South East Indian Ridge, and the Southwest Indian Ridge. These ridges are underwater mountain ranges where tectonic plates are moving apart and new oceanic crust is being formed.
Are waves a major force of erosion along coasts?
Yes, waves are a major force of erosion along coasts. The continuous impact of waves against the coastline wears away rock and sediment, leading to the erosion of coastal landforms. This erosion can result in the formation of cliffs, sea caves, and other coastal features.
The term you are referring to is "thermocline." It is the layer of water in the ocean where there is a rapid change in temperature with depth, serving as a barrier between warmer surface water and colder deep water.
Name and describe two coastal environments that border estuaries?
Mangrove forests are coastal environments that typically border estuaries. They are known for their unique trees with roots that extend into the water and provide important habitats for various species. Salt marshes are another common coastal environment found along estuaries, featuring grasses and other vegetation that thrive in brackish water and provide important nursery areas for marine life.
What is the location of black smokers in relation to plate tectonics?
At divergent plate boundaries crust moves apart by tensional forces. Black smokers occur because cold water mixes with hot volcanic magma thousands of miles below the crust. As the mixture rises, it removes minerals from surrounding rocks. When this mixture comes in contact with the cold ocean water the minerals precipitate and form the "black smoke" that we observe.
If you mix salt with water how much salt water will you get?
The amount of salt water you get will depend on the concentration of salt in the water. When you mix salt with water, the salt dissolves into the water to increase its volume slightly. The overall volume of the salt water will be the sum of the volumes of the original salt and water components.
What are three types of stream deposits?
- Alluvial deposits, which are created by the movement of water and include sediments like sand, clay, and gravel.
- Glacial deposits, formed by the movement and melting of glaciers, leaving behind materials such as moraines, till, and outwash.
- Delta deposits, which are sediment accumulations at the mouths of rivers where water flow slows and sediment is dropped, forming features like distributaries and levees.
Oxygen is found at high levels near the surface of the ocean due to plant photosynthesis. Plants in the ocean, like phytoplankton, produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, leading to high concentrations of oxygen in the surface waters.
What percent of an iceberg is below the water and why?
80-85%
AnswerThe density of ice is 0.9167 g/cm³. The density of salt water is 1.025 g/cm³.
0.9167 g/cm³
------------------- = 89.4% ~ 90%
1.025 g/cm³
Roughly only one eighth of an iceberg can be seen above water. The remaining seven eighths or, 87.5 percent, is submerged due to the weight distribution of the iceberg itself. Top layers of icebergs have relatively lightly packed snow, which is less dense. The more dense core of the iceberg pulls the weight down below the surface of the water. However, since ice is less dense than water, it still remains afloat.
Hope this helped some.
Why do scientists call the Ocean water on Earth the global Ocean?
Scientists refer to the ocean water on Earth as the global ocean because it is one interconnected body of water that covers over 70% of the planet's surface. Despite being divided into different seas and oceans, they are all part of the same continuous body of water. Viewing it as one global entity helps scientists study its interconnected systems and processes.
What monster creates maelstroms every time its mouth opens?
The Kraken is a legendary sea monster that is said to create maelstroms by churning the seas with its powerful movements. It is often depicted as a giant octopus or squid capable of causing chaos and destruction in the ocean.
How are flora and fauna affected by rising sea levels?
Rising sea levels can lead to habitat loss for both flora and fauna in coastal areas. Saltwater intrusion can affect plant species and wetland ecosystems, while animals may lose nesting grounds and food sources. Climate change impacts, such as increased storm surges, can also disrupt the natural balance and lead to declines in biodiversity.
Why is lithogenous sediment the most common neritic deposit?
Lithogenous sediment is the most common neritic deposit because it is primarily derived from the erosion and weathering of rocks on land. These sediments are transported to the ocean by rivers and wind, accumulating in shallow continental shelf areas where neritic deposits are found. This continuous process of erosion and transportation ensures a steady supply of lithogenous sediment to neritic environments.
The brushlike structures on a polychaete body are called?
The brushlike structures on a polychaete body are called parapodia. They are used for locomotion, respiration, and sometimes for feeding in many species of polychaetes, which are a type of marine annelid worm.
What is oceanography and what was learned from the challenger expedition?
Oceanography is the exploration and scientific study of the oceans and ocean floor.
The Challenger expedition of was a scientific exercise that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography.
What is the primary source of energy for ocean currents and waves?
Ocean currents at the SURFACE -- their primary cause is SOLAR ENERGY. Due to solar energy, much of the wind pattern originates and this wind pattern in turn causes ocean currents on the surface.
Silica is the most abundant compound found in magma?
Silica, in the form of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is a common compound found in magma and is a major component of many types of volcanic rocks. It plays a key role in determining the viscosity and explosiveness of a volcanic eruption.
What percentage of the earths is salt water?
The total volume of water on Earth is estimated at 1.386 billion km³ (333 million cubic miles).
About 97.5% of water on Earth is salt water and 2.5% fresh water.
Of the 2.5% fresh water, only 0.3% is in liquid form on the surface.
A breakdown of the various forms of water is as follows, going from the largest to the smallest.
96.5000% Oceans, Seas, bays
1.7400% Ice caps, glaciers, snow
0.9400% Saline Groundwater
0.7600% Fresh groundwater
0.0220% Ground ice and permafrost
0.0070% Fresh Lakes
0.0060% Saline Lakes
0.0010% Soil moisture
0.0010% Atmosphere
0.0008% Swamps
0.0002% Rivers
0.0001% Biological
See attached links for the sources of this information.
