Oceanography

Some problems in the ocean include pollution from plastic waste, overfishing leading to declining fish populations, habitat destruction from activities like bottom trawling, and coral bleaching due to climate change. These issues threaten marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and the livelihoods of communities reliant on the ocean.

Erosional processes that modify marine structures include wave action, which can erode coastlines and cliffs, as well as abrasion by sediment transported by waves and currents. Corrosion by seawater can also break down marine structures such as piers and seawalls over time. Finally, bioerosion by marine organisms, such as mollusks and sponges, can weaken and degrade structures like coral reefs and shipwrecks.

Plants found in the Twilight Zone, which is a deep ocean region with limited light, include bioluminescent species like lanternfish. Other common plants are phytoplankton and algae that have adapted to low-light conditions. These plants form the base of the food chain in this dark and mysterious ocean region.

The Pangea puzzle is the theory of the beginning of the continents. It's how the Earth started out. Well it is the theory of how the continents came to be. The legend has it that way back in time, there weren't any continents. There was just one large landmass. Until it started to spread apart. That is when it was no longer just one piece. But there were 7 different landmasses. Over hundreds of thousands of years, those landmasses spread apart into what we know now as our 7 continents.

Both neap tides and spring tides occur due to the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun on Earth's oceans. Neap tides happen when the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun are at right angles, resulting in lower high tides and higher low tides. Spring tides occur when the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun are aligned, creating higher high tides and lower low tides.

Some disadvantages of dredging include environmental impacts such as habitat destruction, water quality degradation, and disturbance of sediment contaminants. Dredging can also be costly, require permits and approvals, and may result in the release of pollutants into the water. Additionally, dredging can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and affect marine life.

NOAA uses a variety of tools to study the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), including satellite observations, ocean buoys, climate models, and historical data. These tools help scientists monitor sea surface temperatures, atmospheric conditions, and other indicators to better understand and predict ENSO events.

Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei make up Kalimantan. HA!

To specifically answer the question, in it's oceans. 97% of the Earth's water is found in its oceans or even a larger percentage on its surface. The remaining 3% is freshwater. See the related link for more information.

Deepest Point in the Arctic Ocean
Eurasia Basin: 17,881 feet / 5450 meters

It really depends on the magnitude of the earthquake (which causes tsunamis in the first place). But to answer your question, yes it's likely that it will reach California, especially if you're in areas such as San Francisco, Long Beach, San Diego, Santa Monica, or anywhere else with beaches nearby.

The two most famous (current) tsunamis are the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in Japan and the 2004 Boxing Day (Sumatra) tsunami.

The greatest historical tsunami (a series of them) accompanied the explosion of Krakatoa in August, 1883.

A longshore current creates a pattern of movement along the shoreline in a parallel direction, carrying sediment and water along the coast. This process can cause erosion and deposition of sediment in specific areas depending on factors like wave energy and coastal structures.

Areas that alternate between complete submersion in seawater and complete exposure to air are called intertidal zones. These zones are characterized by their extreme changes in conditions between high and low tides, leading to a unique array of organisms that can adapt to such fluctuations.

The high heat capacity of oceans allows them to absorb and store large amounts of heat energy from the sun. This stored heat is released slowly over time, impacting atmospheric temperatures and influencing climate patterns globally.

Estuary is a coastal inlet or bay where the tide meets a river current, resulting in brackish water mixing salt water and fresh water. This unique ecosystem supports diverse marine and plant life due to the varying salinity levels.

Turbidity currents can create features such as submarine canyons, channel-levee systems, and turbidite deposits on the seafloor. These currents transport sediment downslope in the ocean, leading to the erosion and deposition of material that shapes the underwater landscape.

A longitudinal wave has a large amplitude if the particles in the medium are displaced by a significant distance from their equilibrium position. This displacement represents the maximum strength or intensity of the wave. The larger the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries.

there is the zone of saturation in which is the pore space and is completley filled with water. there is also the zone of aeration which is the zone between the earths surface and the aquifers

1. Melting of polar ice caps and glaciers adds fresh water to seawater.
2. Precipitation in the form of rain or snow also contributes fresh water.
3. Rivers and streams flowing into the ocean bring in fresh water.
4. Groundwater seepage into the ocean is another natural source of fresh water.

Yes, water in lagoons is typically salty because lagoons are usually connected to the ocean or seas, allowing saltwater to flow in and create a brackish environment.

In the future, a potential analog to the African Rift Valleys could be deep ocean trenches formed by the spreading of tectonic plates on the ocean floor. These trenches could become biodiversity hotspots with unique ecosystems evolving to adapt to the extreme conditions. Additionally, they could serve as important sites for studying deep-sea life and geology.

marine snow !

up welling

Several ways are possible. 1) Freeze a rock at the bottom of an ice cube. When it is in the water, the ice cube will start to melt, then the rock drops out and the rest of the ice will float. 2) In a zip-loc baggie, put a weight (large washer or other piece of metal), take a square of paper towel and put a 1/2 tsp of baking soda in it and fold the paper towel over it and secure with paperclip. Put that in the baggie. Then pour in an ounce or so of vinegar and quickly close the baggie, squeezing out as much air as you can. Drop the bag into water and it will sink. As the vinegar soaks through the paper towel, it will react with the baking soda and create carbon dioxide, which fills the baggie and makes it float. Fun stuff!