Oceanography

Boston is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

Knowing where you are is only one part of getting to where you're going.

-- If you know your own latitude and longitude, AND the latitude and longitude of

where you want to go, then you can calculate the DIRECTION you need to sail in

order to get there by the shortest route, and exactly how far that is.

-- If you only know your own latitude and longitude and nothing else, then perhaps

the most useful application of that knowledge takes place when you need to radio

the Coast Guard and ask them to come out and rescue you. If you can give them

that information, then they don't have to hunt for you when they get to the general

area.

A tide has no power itself, it is dependant on the moon (mostly). A spring tide has the greatest range, from high to low, because the sun also helps.

When the sun and moon are aligned spring tides are produced. When they are at right angles, with respect to the earth, then neap tides are produced. Neap tides have the smallest difference.

The Sun's gravity force is the sole thing that keeps the planets in their orbits. Without it they would all fly off into outer space. The relative distance is important because the force is weaker at larger distances, so the planets there move more slowly.

The theory was worked out by Isaac Newton and others from the 18th century onwards, using earlier theory by Kepler in the 17th century.

tidal range

The Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, and Antarctic Intermediate Water are three density currents that form in polar regions.

My off-hand guess would be that they are getting less salty on average as fresh melt-water from Greenland and the polar caps enters the oceans.

The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean and contains 20% of Earth's water surface. That translates to 284 million cubic kilometers of water.

It is mainly gravitational forces from the Sun and Moon that cause tides, but the rotation of the earth has a tiny effect on it.

Intertidal zone

The cell membrane is the outer boundary of animal cells and plant cells, but plant cells also have a cell wall to protect their cells. The cell membrane and cell walls are the outer boundaries of cells.

Wave is a movement in the water surface under vertical direction and is caused by wind. The stronger the wind is, so is the wave.

Tide is a natural phenomenon, a regular and periodical oscillation of water. In theory, in terms of physical matter, tide is caused by the gravitational force of the moon and certainly by that of the sun as well.

Neap tide is weak tide occurring when the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun are perpendiculare to one another. It occurs during quarter moons.

Spring tide is strong time occurring when the earth, the sun and the moon are in a line. It occurs in the full and new moon.

I am completely amazed. I was sure that water was NOT a mineral. But water is listed as a mineral in my dictionary definition. Of course, this isn't a science text, but at this point I'm willing to entertain the possibility that water is... a mineral.

The gravitational pull between the Moon and the Earth stretches the oceans slightly in an oblong shape, like a pulled water balloon. High tide is under (or directly opposite) the moon, while low tide is when the moon is half an orbit away.

Perigee tides involve the Moon's orbit around the Earth. It does not go in a perfect circle but rather in an ellipse/oval shaped revolution. Because of that there are some points in the Moon's orbit at which the Moon is closer to the Earth. "Perigee" is the point of closest approach. With that closeness it causes a greater gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon, pulling more water towards the Moon, causing what we know as high and low tides.

"Spring tides" can occur during a perigee tide but not necessarily. A spring tide is a tide that occurs when the Sun, Earth and the Moon are nearly in a straight line, at a NEW MOON, or at a Full Moon.

The highest tides happen then.

Neap and spring tides are about 7 days apart.

This section of the ocean from floor to surface is called the water column.

I'm not sure what the answer is, ask your science teacher, or read your science book

The total volume of water on Earth is about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers, around 41 million of which is fresh water.

3 percent of the world's water is fresh, however only 0.768% is usable for consumption. The remaining portion of fresh water is locked up in glaciers, permanent snow fields, the Arctic, Antarctica, the atmosphere, living organisms (plants and animals) or is polluted. As well, there is 97% salt water located on Earth; and through human activities this is limiting the supply of safe drinking water! We need to sustain our water supply for further/future generations.

A submarine canyon refers to a steep-sided valley cut into the sea floor of the continental slope. It is formed through turbidity currents that carve out the submarine canyons in the continental shelf.

Yes. Earth Science has anything to do with the earth or geography, therefore the ocean is a combination of both through the elevation of ground in addition the tectonic plates under it.

High tides occur when the Moon is Full and New. This is the major determinant, though the presence of other planets such as Mars has a minor but important effect, as does the part of the annual solar cycle we are travelling. So a High Tide - roughly every 14 days.