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Operating Systems

Operating systems, both proprietary and open-source, include those produced by Microsoft, Linux, and Apple Mac

4,423 Questions

Difference between internal and external fragmentation?

Internal fragmentation occurs when more storage is allocated than is actually requested. This left over space, known as slack space, causes a degradation of system performance. For example, space can be left over between the last byte of the file and the first byte of the next sector. This slack space can add up and eventually cause system performance to degrade. External fragmentation occurs when free memory becomes divided into several small blocks over time. For example, this can cause problems when an application requests a block of memory of 1000bytes, but the largest contiguous block of memory is only 300bytes. Even if ten blocks of 300 bytes are found, the allocation request will fail because they are not contiguous. This can be caused by an excessive amount of clutter on a system. Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(computer)

http://www.memorymanagement.org/glossary/e.html#external.fragmentation

Whats the difference in the sleep mode and shutting the computer down Does the sleep mode still cause wear and tear of the components inside the computer?

It takes less time to resume computer from sleep mode then to boot it up. When you senf our computer in the sleep mode you can keep your programs open, and after you resume the system you have all your programs already running.

How is the operating system responsible for end-user interface?

This differs from system to system, for example Microsoft windows runs gui in kernel mode, which means that it's integrated, while gnu/Linux runs a X server, to which user connects creating a session.

End effect is the same - a graphical interface for communicating with system and using it's services and programs.

What are examples of multi tasking skills in an office environment?

Receiving and taking office calls as well as typing the various office documents are examples of multi-tasking skills in an office environment. The other examples include is acting as an office assistant.

What operating system does the Nokia 6300 phone use?

The Operating System that Nokia uses on the Nokia 6300 Phone is Series 40. Series 40 is the most widely used mobile phone platforms in the world. As of January 25, 2012 Nokia announced they have sold over 1.5 billion Series 40 devices.

What is the need of OS?

OS is just not a need

i am srry who ever put this but that is not true :(

What can a system designer do to minimise the memory load of the user?

The answer is on recognition and recall. In fact recognition is the knowledge that you have seen something presented to you whereas recall is the production of something from memory. Recognition is simpler, the information required is provided as the cue. Recall is more complex as the information has to be retrieved from memory but cues can help this.

What is the disadvantage of non - preemptive scheduling?

A disadvantage of non preemptive scheduling is that it could introduce blocking delays in tasks that are high priority. With this type of scheduling you can also not meet deadlines because decisions can only be made after the task is completed.

Do you use the android operating system for computers?

Yes. As of 2015, Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems.

What is global state in distributed system?

"The global state of a distributed computation is the set of local states of all individual processes involved in the computation plus the state of the communication channels."

Why is it important to have user and group entities created in an operating system?

If more than one user is going to use the operating system (especially in the case of enterprise networks), then having multiple users allows each user the ability to customize the operating system's settings without affecting other users. Each user can store data in personal folders (like My Documents, Desktop, etc) that can't be seen by other users. Also, data Encrypted by one user cannot be accessed by other users. In addition to that, having multiple user accounts provides each user with a personalized experience, e.g. browsing history, recently accessed files, etc.

Moving from a user's perspective to an administrator's point of view, authorizing permissions (i.e. accessing specific data, whether read and/or write are allowed, etc.) and delegating IT roles (e.g. ability to perform system backup) are done based on user accounts. Groups of users make the processes of authorization and delegation easier when more than one user will have the same permission. One user account can belong to more than one group and groups can contain other groups. Especially in medium to large networks with too may users, it is always advised that permissions and roles are assigned to groups rather than users (and to give groups meaningful names), as this helps to keep track with what each user is capable of doing on the network. This also makes it easier to change a certain user's permissions simple by moving this user from one group to another, e.g. if an employer is being promoted to transferred to a different department.

In addition to the operating system itself, many softwares make use of users and groups to function optimally. There are countless examples of network softwares that do that, but an example of a software that many people use at home is a parental control application, which makes use of the user accounts to allow each user different access options to the internet.

What is the purpose of a system call?


System calls are used whenever a program needs to access a restricted resource, eg a file on the hard disk, any hardware device, or when it needs to print or draw to the screen



How do you calculate average waiting time in preemptive priority scheduling?

In one process

( Start time (of the second) - Finish time (of the first) ) - Arrival time

If the process is not broken up into different arrival times, then ignore and stick to

starting time - arrival time

Are there any upgrades for Stykz?

Stykz will tell you when a new version is released.

What is the function of queue in operating system?

To keep processes and information in order so you don't end up with a bunch of "mumble jumble."

What is Intel rapid storage technology?

Intel Rapid Storage Technology is a firmware RAID system. Intel Matrix RAID, Intel Rapid RAID, and Intel Smart Response Technology are features of Intel Rapid Storage Technology.