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Particle Physics

Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.

3,842 Questions

Are quarks fiction?

No, they are now solid fact. Quarks are the fundamental particles which make up the protons and neutons of everything around us, as well as some other crazy particles such as the Higgs boson. There are some bosons (things made up of quarks) which are merely theoretical; we know they muct exist but have not yet found one, but quarks are definitely NOT fictional

Where can someone purchase the Quark Xpress software?

The best place to obtain Quark software is at the official Quark website. At the website the software 'QuarkXPress' is sold along with other digital software, which is scam free and virus free.

What is neutron absorbing glass?

A glass with the composition CdO-SiO2-B2O3 forms a neutron absorbing glass which is quite stable against moisture attack and divitrification and are good slow neutron absorbers

Are protons and electrons equal in magnitude?

No, A proton is 1836 times heavier than that of electron.So they are not equql in magnitude

If 1gram body of antimatter meets a 10gram body of matter which survives?

Initially the 9g of remaining matter would survive. Each particle of antimatter can only annihilate with one other particle of antimatter. At this point the 1g of antimatter would cause an explosion equivalent to that of 200000 pounds of TNT. Causing both groups of matter and antimatter to be obliterated.

What is anything that is not matter?

A thing that not matter is antimatter. It has been created by man.

How many electrons are there in ion os S2?

Sulfur's atomic number is 16. Therefore, neutral sulfur has 16 protons and 16 electrons. Since we're dealing with S2-, we need to add 2 electrons to that, giving 18 total.

Where can I find a positron cable for 1978 Schwinn bike?

Positron cable availability As of 1 March of '09, you can still get this cable from bikeworldusa.com but only in white. It's a TP68, and it's $17.99 there. Several are being offered as new old stock (NOS) on eBay for about the same money.

What was the first particle created?

This particle was the electron discovered in 1897 by Joseph John Thomson.

Is Evaporation Is When Particles Escape From A Liquid?

Yes, that's basically what happens at the atomic or molecular level.

Which particle will have the same mass proton and electron proton and neutron electron and neutron or all three particles?

The masses of all three particles are different The masses of a proton and the mass of a neutron are very close, however. The mass of an electron is much smaller than the mass of a proton or neutron.

What Is the relationship between a Higgs boson and an atom?

The Higgs boson is analogous to other bosons (photon, muon, gluon, graviton, etc.) which couple forces.

Atoms are composed of fermions bound together by exchanging various virtual bosons (e.g. electrons are bound to the nucleus by exchanging virtual photons, the protons and neutrons in the nucleus are bound together by exchanging virtual muons, the quarks are bound inside protons and neutrons by exchanging virtual gluons), no real bosons of any type exist in an atom (although some atoms are themselves bosons even though they are entirely composed of fermions).

How to find the arrangement of electrons on the atom scandium?

The electron configuration of scandium (Sc) is [Ar] 3d1 4s2, indicating that it has 21 electrons arranged in the shells 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2. Scandium has one electron in the 3d orbital and two electrons in the 4s orbital. This configuration follows the principles of the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle.

Where can electrons be located at any time?

According to quantum theory, we can never know the exact location of an electron at any given time. If the electron is part of an atom, the best we can do is state the probability that the electron can be found within a given region about the nucleus. Often that information is good enough for our purposes.

Why are hydraulic machines useful in heavy lifting and construction industries?

Hydraulic machines are useful in construction as they are force magnifiers. This means that a small input force can be made into a large input force. ^_^

What is the ratio of the mass proton to the mass of an ELECTRON?

Dunno, but the ratio of the mass of a proton to the mass of what prople think of as being an electron is approx 1980. I'd check that if I were you though. Probably OK to +- 5%.

How many electrons in an atom of flourine-19?

A fluorine atom has 9 electrons and it has the only isotope, fluorine-19.

What is LHC in citrix?

The LHC is a name given to the MS Access database which is created on every local MPS server.

it stores the partitions of the Data Store to keep the server function, when an outrage occurs.

when the data store goes offline, the server will continue functioning normally. the LHC database enables the data store functionality up to 48 hours. LHC will ensure the data accessibility that is pertinent locally, even though the database is not available.

What is the proton-proton chain?

Well, there are 4 branches of the Proton-proton chain. But over all in this reaction, 4 Hydrogen's (protons) are turned into a helium atom (2 protons and 2 Neutrons)

pp Branch I:

Two protons collide, one of the protons turn into a neutron, this releases a positron and a neutrino. The result is a Deuterium, which is just 1 proton and 1 neutron bound together. The the positron that was released by this reaction almost immediately annihilates with an electron, giving of 2 gamma rays. The Neutrino escapes the star, carrying away some energy.

Next, the Deuterium collided with another proton, so now we have 2 protons and 1 neutron bound together, this is a Helium-3 isotope. This reaction releases a gamma ray.

The Helium-3 will now collide with another Helium-3 (a total of 4 protons and 2 Neutrons), 2 of the protons are released to start the whole process over again, so your left with a regular Helium atom (2 protons and 2 Neutrons).

This branch of the PP chain happens most frequently in the sun, about 86% of the time. This branch works best at 10-14 million K.

pp Branch II:

This branch happens only about 14% of the time.

In this branch, when the Helium-3 is made, instead of combining with another Helium-3, its combines with a previously formed Helium atom, to make a Beryllium-7 (4 Protons, 3 Neutrons), this releases a gamma ray.

The Beryllium-7 now captures and electron, the Electron fuses with one of the Protons in the Beryllium-7 to make a neutron, so now we have a Lithium-7 (3 protons, 4 Neutrons), and a neutrino is released.

The Lithium-7 then collided with another proton, giving a total of 4 Protons and 4 Neutrons, which is 2 Helium atoms.

This branch is most dominant at 14-23 million K.

pp Branch III:

This branch is very rare, only happens .11% of the time. And it is most dominant at temperature exceeding 23 million Kelvin.

In the Branch, the Helium-3 combines with a previously formed Helium atom, and just like in pp Branch II, this produces a Beryllium-7, releasing s gamma ray.

Now this Beryllium-7 collides with another proton, making a Boron-8 (5 Protons, 3 Neutrons), this also releases a gamma ray.

On the Protons in Boron-8 will now turn into a neutron, giving a total of 4 Proton and 4 Neutron, which is 2 Helium atoms.

Once the Proton convert to a neutron, it releases a positron, a Neutrino and another gamma ray.