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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Who discovered that protons exIst in the nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford is credited with the discovery that protons exist in the nucleus of an atom through his gold foil experiment in 1911. He proposed that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus where most of the mass is concentrated.
Why do positron emission and electron capture have the same effect on a nucleus?
The reason positron emission and electron capture have the same effect on the nucleus of an atom is because the resulting atom undergoes nuclear transformation, and the new element will have one less proton and one more neutron than the precursor element. Both of these nuclear changes are interesting, so let's look a bit more closely.
In positron emission (also called beta plus decay), a proton in the nucleus of an atom "changes" into a neutron and a positron is ejected. This results in one less proton in that nucleus (naturally), and the creation of a new element. And because the proton had become a neutron, the nucleus has the same number of nucleons and a similar atomic weight.
In electron capture, a nucleus with "too many" protons will actually "pull in" an electron and take it into its nucleus. This electron will "combine" with a proton, and a neutron will result. This will reduce the number of protons in the nucleus, and the creation of a new element -- just like in positron emission. Links to related questions can be found below.
How many protons electrons and neutrons are there in the ion?
Without knowing which nuclide is in question, it remains safe to say that regardless of the element, in an ion the atomic number or count of protons differs from the number of electrons - and thus the atom is overall not electrically neutral - the definition of an ion. With fewer electrons than protons, it would be a positively charged ion (cation); with more electrons than protons, it would be a negative ion (anion).
If the atomic number (proton number) is P, the charge is x and the mass number is M, then
protons = P
neutrons = M- P
and electrons is the algebraic sum of P and x.
Does a proton have a bigger charge than an electron?
No, the absolute charge of proton is equal to the absolute charge of electrons. however, their relative charge is opposite in sign.
How many total p electrons does an atom of Sn have?
An atom of Sn (Tin) has 4 valence electrons in the 5th shell, so it has 4 p electrons.
What subatomic particle contributes alomst no weight to an atom?
The subatomic particles that contribute most almost no weight to an atom are electrons at various energy levels. Isotopes of the same element differ from each other only by the number of neutrons.
What is the space between an electron and proton in hydrogen atom filled with?
We can imagine the space between an electron and a proton, in a hydrogen atom, being filled with electromagnetic fields, since both of these particles generate such fields. But really, that is a mathematical device more than a reality. It's empty space. It isn't filled with anything.
Answer:
The space in an atom is part of the probability density gradient of the electron. Electrons are not any place in particular at any time (the Bohr concept of a solid little planet-like electrons circling the nucleus is not with us any longer), the space between the our "shell" of the atom and the nucleus represents an area where the electron is less likely to be than any other place in the atom. This space is thus filled with the electron, at least part of the time.
Alternately, thanks to research on the Higgs boson's existence, there is a position that that a field exists that has non-zero strength everywhere (even in otherwise empty space) this is the this so-called Higgs field. This would fill any space in the atom as well as around the atom.
How many neutrons are there in the neutral 13 6C?
There are 7 neutrons in a neutral 13 6C atom. This is determined by subtracting the atomic number (6) from the mass number (13).
How do you find the relative uncertainty in the mass of the electron?
To find the relative uncertainty in the mass of the electron, you would typically determine the absolute uncertainty in the measurement of the electron's mass and then divide it by the measured value of the electron's mass. Finally, multiplying by 100 will give you the relative uncertainty as a percentage.
How does the Tevatron help scientists study the atom?
Before shutting down on Sept. 29, 2011, the Tevatron was the world's largest proton-antiproton collider. Residing at Fermilab, the Tevatron accelerated and stored beams of protons and antiprotons traveling in opposite directions around an underground ring four miles in circumference at almost the speed of light before colliding them at the center of two detectors.
The detectors, called CDF, for Collider Detector at Fermilab, and DZero, named for its location on the accelerator ring, contain many detection subsystems that identified the different types of particles emerging from the collisions. Scientists explored the structure of matter, space and time by analyzing the showers of particles created.
Why does then large hadron collider need helium?
Liquid helium is colder than anything else on the face of the Earth. They cool the magnets with helium so the wire they're made out of will superconduct - flow electricity with no resistance. The LHC's magnets use 1.5 million watts of power all tolled; imagine how much they would need if the wire had even a thousandth of an ohm per meter resistance!
James Chadwick discovered neutrons in 1932 during study of artificial radioactvity.
Quarks are any of a group of subatomic particles thought to be among the fundamental constituents of matter more specifically, of protons and neutrons.
The concept of the quark was first proposed by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig ; its name was taken from James Joyce's novel Finnegans Wake. Quarks include all particles that interact by means of the strong force. They have mass and spin, and they obey the Pauli exclusion principle. They have never been resolved into smaller components, and they never occur alone. Their behaviour is explained by the theory of quantum chromodynamics, which provides a means of calculating their basic properties. There are six types of quarks, called up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. Only the up and down quarks are needed to make protons and neutrons; the others occur in heavier, unstable particles. Subatomic particles that make up protons and neutrons
What is the current status of the Unified Field Theory?
a unified field theory is a type of field theory that allows all that is usually thought of as fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields.
What is the simple electron arrangement of silver?
Silver has 47 electrons. It's electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10. This can be simplified to [Kr] 4d10 5s1.
Why are the subatomic particles not considered the simplest form of an element?
The simplest form of an element is an atom. Subatomic particles are not a form of the element; they are a "building block" of an element.
Smaller characteristics of specimens might be seen using electron microscopy to view a dried nonliving specimen. The electron microscope is used to view specimens in great detail.
What is the big idea of particles?
Particles are microscopic and explain the properties of liquids, solids, and gases. The strength of the bonds between particles is different in each state.
In digestion, the chunks of foods we eat must be broken down into particles to be used by the body.
What subatomic particle identifies boron?
Boron has 5 electrons and protons; the number of neutrons is specific for each isotope.
Number of neutrons in a boron isotope = Mass number - 5
Is an electron inside or outside the nucleus?
They are outside the nucleus. They move around the nucleus.
A subatomic explorer is a device or experiment designed to study particles and phenomena at the subatomic level, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons. These explorers help scientists understand the fundamental building blocks of matter and the forces that govern their interactions.
