Particle Physics

Long-hand version: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 Short-hand version: [Xe] 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 Note: The "^" symbol means the the following number is in the form of a superscript.

It is the neutron and proton that make up the nucleus of an atom. The only exception is Hydrogen (isotope mass number 1), having only one (single) proton in its nucleus and no neutrons. All other atoms have a nucleus that is made up of combinations of these two subatomic particles.

The electrons are the subatomic particles that are located in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom. They carry a negative charge and occupy different energy levels within the atom based on their quantum numbers.

When ice is placed on a plate that is warmer than the ice, some of the heat energy from the plate is transferred to the ice. (This is due to the molecules in the plate transferring kinetic energy to those in the ice. The molecules in the plate crash into those in the ice, losing speed and giving the molecules in the ice more speed).

Since the heat energy is transferred away from the plate, the plate cools down. (The ice is not cooling down, it is heating up.)

The hydrogen atom only has one energy level (shell). The first energy level also contains only one sublevel, 1s sublevel (subshell), which can only hold two electrons. When you get to the second energy level in the second period on the periodic table, it has two sublevels, the 2s and the 2p sublevels. Both of the electrons in the 2s sublevel have the same energy. The 2p sublevel can hold 6 electrons. All of the electrons in the 2p sublevel have the same energy, which is higher than the energy in the 2s sublevel. So, as we move down the periods on the periodic table, we move from the first energy level to the seventh energy level. Each energy level contains specific numbers of sublevels, and all of the atoms within a particular sublevel have equal energy.

Now the term negatron is not used; in the past was rarely used to name an electron or an antiproton.

Subatomic particles identify elements based on the number of protons in the nucleus. Protons give the element its identity, as each element has a unique number of protons. This number is known as the atomic number, and it determines how the element behaves chemically and physically.

There are 4 unpaired electrons in the ground state electron configuration of an Fe atom. These 4 unpaired electrons are in the 3d subshell.

The proton is positive, the electron is negative, the neutron is neutral.

When an electron changes energy levels in an atom, it absorbs or emits energy in the form of a photon. This photon can have a specific wavelength corresponding to the energy difference between the initial and final energy levels of the electron. This process is fundamental to the emission and absorption of light in atoms.

Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, while electrons are much lighter.

Electrons are the particles that flow between objects when they are charged by friction or conduction. Electrons are negatively charged and move from object to object, leading to one becoming positively charged and the other negatively charged.

A proton is heavier than an electron.

MASS(kg):

Proton - 1.67 × 10-27kg

Neutron - 1.67 × 10-27kg

Electron - 9.11 × 10-31 kg

*A neutron is about .1% heavier than a proton.

1. Why is there more matter than antimatter in the Universe? Or: Why is there matter at all? (If there were the same amount of matter and antimatter, and it came into contact, it would quickly get destroyed.

2. If antimatter is so abundant, how come we've never come in contact with it or have been able to observe it?

A subatomic structure refers to the smaller particles that make up an atom. These include protons, neutrons, and electrons. Subatomic structures play a crucial role in determining the properties and behavior of atoms.

An electron configuration shows the distribution of electrons among the subshells. Each number shows the principal quantum number, or shell, the subshell and finally the orbital of the electron.

Electrons move in a random manner around the nucleus. hence do not follow a fixed path. Yet electrons do have a fixed energy level due to which the probable path traced by them is predictable. Over all, electrons are found in the form of clouds.

25 is the number of protons and neutrons added together. The atomic number of Mg is 12 which is the number of protons. So 25 - 12 = 13 neutrons.

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, storing genetic material in the form of DNA. It regulates gene expression, protects the DNA, and coordinates cellular activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

An atom of antimatter does not contain any electrons. The equivalent of an electron in antimatter is a positron, which has charge +1.

Usually, the path that a subatomic particle takes is called just that, its path. Certain terms are used for specific circumstances, though, such as; orbit, when you're talking about atomic electrons; track, when you're referring to a particle's path in a cloud or bubble chamber; and beam, when referring to the path of a group of similar particles in an accelerator.

The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to actively transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to generate ATP through a process called chemiosmosis.

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the subatomic particles used to classify the properties of an element. The number of protons determines the element's atomic number and defines its chemical properties. Neutrons help determine the stability of an atom, while electrons influence its reactivity and bonding behavior.

Annihilation reaction is when you take matter and anti-matter and try to put them together and they cancel each other out. Try putting an electron and a positron together. What happens? They will cancel each other out.