Particle Physics

HCN, hydrogen cyanide, has a total of 10 valence electrons. Hydrogen contributes 1 valence electron, carbon contributes 4 valence electrons, and nitrogen contributes 5 valence electrons.

Yes. And when this occurs, they will collide and annihilate one another.

A bismuth atom has 6 electron shells.

A joule is the work done by applying 1 watt of power for 1 second (J = W x Time in seconds).

1 Watt is 1 Amp at 1 Volt potential (W = Amps x Volts).

1 Amp is 1 coulomb of electrons flowing in a second.

1 coulomb is 6 241 509 629 152 650 000 electrons.

Thus it would appear that there are 6,241,509,629,152,650,000 electrons in a joule, except that 1 Joule could be 2 watts for half a second (or 4 W for 0.25 seconds).

Also 1 Watt could be 2 Amps and half a volt, or .01 Amps at 100 Volts!

The question has no one answer, it has an infinity of possible answers unless more parameters are dictated.

The subatomic particles in an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus in various energy levels or shells.

Free electrons most definitely repel each other.

Any attempt to create a buildup of electrons in a specific spot will eventually result in the repulsion amongst these electrons to overcome the attempt to collect them.

When you rub your skin against a wool rug on a dry day, you build up a surplus of free electrons on your skin. The repulsion between these free electrons cause this surplus to scatter to all parts of the skin, thus permitting a discharge of them to occur at any place in your skin.

Repel, because like charges repel each other

Three different types of neutrinos are recognized.

The latest work on the subject suggests that the combined mass

of one of each type adds up to less than one billionth of an AMU.

In an atom of Cl, there are 7 valence electrons. If you look at a Chemistry Reference table (2002 edition) pages 8 and 9, (visit the link below), you can see that underneath Cl there are the numbers 2-8-7. The last number is the number of valence electrons. This is found for any element on the Period table.

Oxygen can ionize by losing electrons to form a positively charged ion. This can occur when an oxygen atom gains enough energy to overcome the attraction of its electrons, causing one or more electrons to be ejected from the atom. The resulting oxygen ion will have a positive charge due to the loss of negatively charged electrons.

The nucleus is one the order of one fermion in diameter.

The nearest electron orbital is on the order of more than a thousand fermions from the nucleus.

To me, that pretty far away.

Potassium-40 (K-40) has 19 protons and 21 neutrons.

Fluorine has 9 protons and 9 electrons. The number of neutrons can vary, as there are different isotopes of fluorine, but the most common isotope, fluorine-19, has 10 neutrons.

No, although their respective charges are exactly equal in size, they are opposite in sign.

The only subatomic particle that has any role in chemistry is the electron.

A cation is a positively charged ion, meaning it has lost electrons. In the case of a 1+ charge on a carbon cation, it would have 5 electrons (neutral Carbon has 6 electrons).

group 1...is 1 valence.

group 2...is 2 valence.

The three particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. the masses of protons and neutrons both approximately 1 amu (Atomic Mass Unit). The mass of an electron is, in most applications, negligible, but is about 1/1836 amu.

The neutron was the second subatomic particle to be discovered, following the electron. It was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 during experiments involving the bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles. The discovery of the neutron was crucial in our understanding of atomic structure and the development of nuclear physics.

The Bohr model of the atom states that electrons are located in specific orbits around the nucleus. In this model, each orbit has a fixed energy level, and electrons can only occupy these specific orbits.

Carbon 12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The amount of neutrons is exactly the same as the amount of protons.

GeV (giga-electron-volt) is simply a unit of energy, often used for subatomic particles. Because in the subatomic world the mass-energy equivalence is much more obvious than in the large-scale world, it is often also used as a unit of mass. MeV/c2 or GeV/c2 is technically more correct, but the c2 factor is often implied, i.e., omitted.

The element with 8 fewer protons than calcium is magnesium. Calcium has 20 protons, while magnesium has 12 protons.

No, protons are typically not transferred during atomic and molecular collisions. Instead, electrons are commonly exchanged between atoms or molecules during collisions, leading to chemical reactions or the formation of new compounds.

The term "quark" comes from the book "Finnegans Wake" by James Joyce. Physicist Murray Gell-Mann chose this whimsical term to name the elementary particles he proposed as building blocks of protons and neutrons.