Particle Physics

The symbol for a muon is μ. It is a Greek letter used to represent this subatomic particle.

Not possible to observe with any instrument.

Scientists do not use the electron cloud model to describe the exact location of electrons around a nucleus. Electrons are quantum particles that exist as points and waves. As a wave, it cannot be said that an electron occupies any exact location, rather, the probability of its charge's existence is spread out in a cloud surrounding the atom.

Neutrons contribute to binding energy or nuclear glue in the nucleus that hold it together. Without neutrons, no binding energy. With no binding energy there will be no atoms bigger than hydrogen. See how it works? It's really that simple. The protons in the nucleus are positively charged. Like charges don't like each other and repel. That's basic electrostatics. But if we crush two or more protons together in the presence of a sufficient number of neutrons, all will bind together in a fusion reaction. The reaction will see all protons and neutrons involved undergoing what is called mass defecit. That's where all the would-be partners in the new nucleus shed a bit of mass that is converted into the binding energy or nuclear glue that holds the nucleus together. That's the long and short of it. A link is provided below.

The existence of tachyons, hypothetical particles that travel faster than the speed of light, has not been confirmed. Current theories suggest that tachyons would have imaginary mass and could violate causality, leading to paradoxes. As of now, there is no experimental evidence supporting the existence of tachyons.

Some theories suggest that tachyons could travel faster than the speed of light, but they have not been observed. In current physics, nothing with mass can reach or exceed the speed of light.

The electron flow concept states that electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a voltage source, in contrast to the conventional current flow theory which assumes positive charge carriers moving from positive to negative.

When a nucleus is formed, the nucleons involved, that is, the protons and neutrons that are going to be forming the nucleus, are "squeezed" together in the fusion reaction. During this reaction, the stong interaction or strong nuclear force mediates the conversion of some of the mass of each proton and neutron that is going to make up the new nucleus into nuclear binding energy. The binding energy, or nuclear glue, is created from a bit of the mass of each nucleon involved through what is called mass deficit. If any electrons are present in the vicinity of the fusion reaction, they are "locked out" of the reaction by the strong interaction. The electron will not be permitted to become involved in the fusion reaction because it does not have the "right stuff" to participate. That is why no electrons can be in a nucleus. Note that in some kinds of nuclear decay called beta minus decay, an electron is created within the nuclues, and it is quickly ejected. The electron did not exist in that nucleus, but was created through the mediation of the weak interaction or weak nuclear force. A neutron was converted into a proton and an electron and an antineutrino, and then the electron was kicked out of the nucleus.

Ytterbium:

Atomic #:70

Symbol: Yb

Weight: 173.04

Neutrons: 103

Protons: 70

Radius: 193.3

Density: 6.90

Melting point: 819

Boiling point: 1196

Discovered: 1878

State: Solid

The Large Hadron Collider is a 27-kilometer ring of superconducting magnets and detectors located deep underground beneath the border of Switzerland and France. It appears as a circular tunnel with various access points for maintenance and operation. The main components include the accelerator, detectors, and control room.

The two basic systems of forces are concurrent forces, where multiple forces act through a common point, and non-concurrent forces, where multiple forces do not intersect at a common point. Each system requires different methods for analysis and calculation.

Diamond is an unique material, which can exhibit both negative and positive electron affinities. A clean diamond surface yields a positive electron affinity of around 0.6 eV. In contrast, hydrogenated and hydroxylated diamond surfaces exhibit negative electron affinities of -1.1 and -2.13 eV, respectively. Moreover, halogenated diamond surfaces give positive electron affinities. Hope this will help :-)

The final quark, the Top Quark, was discovered in 1995 at FermiLab.

Atoms share electrons when they form covalent bonds.

1 kilocalorie = 4186.8 joules, and 1 joule/sec = 1 watt. So 1 kwh = 1000 x 3600 watt.secs = 3.6 x 106 joules. So answer = 4186.8/(3.6 x 106) = 1.163 x 10-3 kwh. This could also be expressed as 4.2 kwsec

You could check this directly using an electric kettle. Put in 1 liter of water (1 Kilocalorie will heat this by 1 deg celsius) Note the kettle wattage, and the cold water temperature, then note how many seconds to reach boiling temp (100 celsius). The number of kilocalories is just the temperature rise in degrees C, the number of Kwseconds is the wattage times the time to reach boiling in seconds.

The electron. It is found within energy levels called orbits. They are denoted by K,L,M,N,O,......

A multi-electron system refers to a system that involves more than one electron interacting with each other. These systems are commonly found in atoms, molecules, and solids, where the behavior and properties are influenced by the interactions between multiple electrons. Understanding multi-electron systems is crucial in fields like quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics.

No, "bonbon" is not a subatomic particle. Subatomic particles are particles smaller than an atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom's structure. "Bonbon" typically refers to a type of sweet candy or confection.

Anti matter does NOT exist. As soon as it is in contact with matter which is anything ; solid , liquid , gas, they are both annihilated.

You can think of antimatter as protons with a negative charge and electrons with as positive charge.

So

Proton^+ Proton^- = Annihilation (??? Energy)

Electron ^- + electron^+(positron) = Annihilation (???? Energy).

A neutrino is an elementary particle and is considered to be nearly massless. Their rest mass is still not well determined, but it is known to be very small, less than 0.12 eV. In comparison, the mass of an electron is about 511,000 eV.

The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 through his experiments involving the bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles. Chadwick's discovery confirmed the existence of the neutron as a neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of the proton.

Electrons are the subatomic particles that determine the reactivity of an element. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, known as valence electrons, determines how likely an atom is to form chemical bonds with other atoms.

No, sodium is not a subatomic particle. Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. Subatomic particles are particles smaller than an atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.