Particle Physics

The discovery of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons contributed to a better understanding of the structure of atoms. Isotopes, which are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, helped refine the atomic theory by explaining variations in atomic mass. Together, these discoveries have shaped our modern understanding of atomic structure and behavior.

In the nucleus of the atom there are two things: protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge and neutrons no charge.

Protons are subatomic particles found in the central unit on an atom: the nucleus. It's positively charged.

YES! The Test was very successful, but due to a problem with the magnets on Sept. 19 2008 they have shut down the LHC it will be re-tested ( used ) In The summer Of 2009. For the test run, no black holes where detected. Also They want to see if the big bang could really happen.

Potassium is a metal element. There are 19 electrons in a single atom.

The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.

I suppose you are talking about electric charge (since there are others like color or hypercharge). Everything is in units of the elementary charge (i.e. ~1.6 * 10-19 C)

The following particles have a charge of +2/3

Up Quark, Charm Quark, Top Quark

The following particles have a charge of -1/3

Down Quark, Strange Quark, Bottom Quark

The following particles have a charge of -1

Electron, Muon, Tau, Proton (but the Proton consists of two ups and one down quark), W- boson

The following particles have a charge of +1

W+ boson

The following particles have no charge:

Electron Neutrino, Muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino, Neutron (consists of two down and one up quark), Photon, Higgs (not found yet), Graviton (also not yet found), Z0 boson, gluon.

There are also various other composite particles such as mesons, but those are far too numerous to list.

Tellurium has 6 valence electrons.

The experimental proof of the neutron was provided by James Chadwick in 1932.
1932 by James Chadwick, having been therorised by Ernest Rutherford in 1920.
neutron discovered by Chadwick in 1932

The electron shell is the source of an element's chemical properties and the moderator of chemical reactions; the electron shell depends on the protons that constitute the atom

A hadron is a composite particle made up of quarks. Use the links below for more information.

Electrons are negatively charged.

When an atom gains an electron it gains this negative charge, and so it becomes negative.

When it loses it again it has lost that negative charge and becomes more positive.

The element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p5 is fluorine (F).

The electron configuration of potassium is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1. This means that potassium has one electron in its outermost shell.

The charge of an electron is -1. Specifically, it is about -1.602 x 10-19 coulombs. The mass of an electron is about 9.109 x 10-31 kilograms, or about one 1836th that of a proton.

Americium is in the Actinide family of elements. It is a synthetic element with the symbol Am and atomic number 95. Actinides are a series of elements in the periodic table that have properties similar to actinium.

Electrons jump energy levels when they absorb or emit a photon of specific energy that matches the energy difference between the levels. This process is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics.

Good luck with this project. Let's set it up. A focused (minimally divergent) beam of high energy particles is injected into a containment chamber (which is highly evacuated) with a magnetic containment field. Let's start there. First, the beam doesn't want to "stay together" and will try to spread out like shot after it leaves a shotgun barrel. Each attempt to focus it will suck energy from the beam, and the beam will again try to diverge after leaving the lens that was used to focus it. Lots of luck with that. Yes, a magnetic field will be needed to contain the particles, but some kind of doughnut-shaped chamber will be necessary so the particles can "run around" it and stay contained. High energy particles won't be standing still. And all the while they will be trying to diverge and the containment field will be trying to keep them in a group, or at least a short string. This activity will remove energy from the stream of particles. No way around it. You'll need some luck with that. The field strength required to contain the particles will be a function of the energy of the particles. What did you have in mind for particle energies? And how efficient is your containment chamber? Storing charged particles, particularly high energy ones, is something that is extremely difficult to do. Arguably the best storage device is the accelerator that was used to create them. We can inject a stream of particles, speed them up, and put them in a "holding pattern" in the accelerator. There's your storage chamber. But it takes a lot of energy to do this. Building a "little containment chamber" to hold the output of a big accelerator is not something that can be done with current technology. We just can't overcome the physical obstacles. The barriers to the development of the idea of containment of a high energy particle bunch or stream are too great to allow us to overcome them with what we currently know and can do. And that means putting a value on magnetic field strength in a "containment chamber" isn't something we can do. Said another way, if it takes a big accelerator to produce the high energy particles, you can't containg them in a little box. Or you could have used the little box to accelerate them to bring them up to energy. The experimental fusion reactor project has a big magnetic torus built into it to contain the plasma. And that project isn't exactly moving at the speed of light because the technical hurdles are too large. This question, while an excellent one, makes a proposal that places demands on technology that science and engineering cannot currently deliver.

There are from 134 neutrons to 153 neutrons in a plutonium atom, depending on which isotope of the element we are investigating. The isotopes 238Pu to 244Pu are arguably the most commonly considered. Use the link below for more information on isotopes of plutonium. There are quite a few, and Wikipedia has a good list.

The number of neutrons in an element is determined by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass number rounded to the nearest whole number. On the other hand, very few atoms are abnormal and have a different amount of neutrons than other atoms of the same element. These are called isotopes and are indicated by a number following the element symbol (eg. C-14). This is a radioactive isotope of carbon that has six protons based on the atomic number and two more neutrons than normal--8. (8+6=14). Finally, the reason that the atomic mass units end in decimals is that this is just an average weight. The isotopes can either bring this number up or down. atomic number [ 6 ] symbol [ C ] mass (atomic mass units (amu)) [ 12.01 ]

A magnetic field not a proton :) Hope This Helped!!

The atomic/proton no. of beryllium is 3. Thus the number of protons is 3.

The number of neutrons in one atom can vary depending on the element. Neutrons are one of the three main subatomic particles found in an atom, along with protons and electrons. The number of neutrons in an atom is calculated by subtracting the number of protons (atomic number) from the atomic mass of the atom.

Building a homemade particle accelerator is highly complex and dangerous. The equipment required, such as high-voltage power supplies and vacuum systems, are costly and difficult to obtain. Additionally, the technical expertise needed to operate and maintain such a device is extensive. It is not feasible for the average person to build a functional particle accelerator at home.

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