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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Do All the subatomic particles participate in chemical reactions?
No, not all subatomic particles participate in chemical reactions. The main particles involved are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom and contribute to its mass, while electrons are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. Other subatomic particles, such as neutrinos and muons, do not play a significant role in chemical reactions.
How many protons electrons and neutrons are present in a hydrogen ion?
Hydrogen is a funny critter. It always has one proton, and it usually has no neutrons. But rarely it can have one neutron, and even more rarely, it can have two neutrons. There is more. Hydrogen can appear either as just the proton having loaned out its electron to become a positive ion (H+), or it can at times borrow an electron and become a negative ion (H-). That means the ion might have two electrons, but usually it has no electrons.
What subatomic particle changes in an ion?
We now know there are dozens of different sub atomic particles and they are still being discovered in large particle accelerators. Some decay into other particles in an incredibly short period of time. Even neutrons can can change to a proton. The only really stable particles, in the absence of anti-matter, are the proton and the electron
What did Robert Millikan discover about the electron?
Born in Morrison, Illinois, Robert Andrew Millikan was the second son of the Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan and Mary Jane Andrews. When Millikan was seven, his family moved to Maquoketa, Iowa, where he attended high school. In 1886 he entered Oberlin College in Ohio. In 1887 he enrolled in several classics classes there, and because he did quite well in Greek, at the end of his sophomore year, he was asked to teach an introductory-level physics class. He enjoyed teaching physics and accepted a two-year teaching post at Oberlin upon graduation in 1891. It was during this period that he developed an even keener interest in physics.
In 1893 Millikan began his doctoral work at Columbia University, receiving a Ph.D. in 1895. After travelling to Germany, he eventually accepted a faculty position at the University of Chicago. It was as a teacher and textbook author that Millikan first made his mark. He wrote or co-wrote a number of elementary physics texts that became the classics in this field. However, while valued activities, they did not lead to his promotion to full professor. Determined to ascend in academic rank, Millikan began his research into the charge on the electron.
At the time, the debate over whether or not atoms were real had almost played out, but the questions surrounding the true nature of the electron were still unanswered. Although the work of the English physicist J. J. Thomson had elucidated the charge-to-mass ratio, determining that the electron had a discrete, fixed charge and mass remained.
Being an experimentalist, Millikan used a tiny, submillimeter drop of oil suspended between capacitor plates to measure the incremental charge on an electron. His reasoned that the oil drop would pick up a charge due to friction as it entered the region between the plates. By ionizing the atmosphere and monitoring the motion of multiple drops, he was able to compare the time that the drop took to fall under the influence of gravity and with the electrical plates off, against the time that it took for the drop to climb under the influence of applied voltage . The interaction of the drop with the electric field always occurred in discrete units, indicating that the electron charge was a single value, and that it was the same value for all different forms of electricity.
Millikan's oil-drop experiment settled the argument and determined accurately (within one part in a thousand) both the charge and, by virtue of the charge-to-mass ratio, the mass of the electron. Both numbers allowed the Danish physicist Niels Bohr to finally calculate Rydberg's constant and provided the first and most important proof of the new atomic theory .
Millikan went on to demonstrate the photoelectron effect, providing a valuable proof of Albert Einstein's equations. His experiments also aided both Einstein and Bohr in their later research efforts. In 1923 he was awarded a Nobel Prize in physics for both his work in determining the charge on the electron and exploring the photoelectric effect.
Area in which electrons are arranged in energy levels?
The area in which electrons are arranged in energy levels is called "Main Energy Levels." The chart also includes configurations of the electrons. I have attached a link to explain.
When an accelerator in which protons are raised to electron-volts.
What are the electrons in the outer shell?
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are called valence electrons. These electrons are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms to create molecules. The number of valence electrons influences the reactivity and chemical properties of an element.
Electrons are particles that are?
subatomic particles with a negative charge. They orbit the nucleus of an atom in specific energy levels and are involved in chemical bonding. They are essential for the behavior of matter at the atomic and molecular levels.
To provide the attractive binding of the nuclear strong force, without adding to the electromagnetic force.
Without neutrons, the only chemical element would be hydrogen.
Is there anything smaller than an atom?
Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Subatomic particles like quarks and leptons make up protons, neutrons, and electrons, but are not considered smaller than an atom.
Where are the electrons located in an atom?
in the outer layers or shells of the atom around the nuclei or you can also say nucleus
What is the name of th worlds largest particle physics laboratory?
The largest 'laboratory' is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva.
It's a 27km-circumference ring, buried underground, used for high-energy particle scattering experiments, and home to detectors/ experiments including ATLAS, LHCb, ALICE, and CMS.
http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/
At the solar neutrino observatory what is used to capture neutrinos?
In the solar neutrino observatory, neutrinos are captured using tanks filled with a type of heavy water called deuterium oxide. Neutrinos interact with the deuterium nuclei in the water, producing a faint flash of light that can be detected by sensitive instruments.
I think perhaps your confused here somewhat. A fermion is a particle which obeys the Pauli exclusion principle; put simply two fermions can not be in the same state (i.e. have the same set of quantum no's) at the same time. Fermions cannot be broken down into anything smaller, fermions include quark's, electron's, muon's, tau's and neutrino's which are elementary i.e. not made of anything but energy
Quarks make up all other particles. Bosons can be made of 3 quarks and are split into two catergorys: Baryons such as Protons, Neutrons and many other heavy particles these are effectively composite fermions as they contain 3 quarks. Or Mesons, which contain one quark and an anti quark and hence are not composite fermions.
What are the smallest particles smaller than the 3 subatomic particles?
A particle smaller than atom is a subatomic particle, protons , neutrons, and , electrons, the smallest one is an electron, smaller than that are point particles and elementary particles, one elementary particle and point particle is a quark, up quarks down quarks the smallest single thing found so far is a GLUON, which is the force which binds/holds quarks together. Where the devil lives in anti matter there are also atoms and subatomic particles and point particles but just anti, anti- GLUON, anti-QUARK, anti-ATOM, anti-SUBATOMIC PARTICLE. There is something called the string theory, and super string theory that theorizes about bosonic/boson strings but it can not be provine yet, and I think a gluon is still alot smaller than a bosonic/boson string if they are true.
HOPE THIS HELPS
What is a neutrally charged subatomic particle?
You're most likely asking about the neutron.
However, there are others, like neutrinos (all three types), pions, kaons, eta mesons, as well as the sigma, the lambda, and the xi particles
Pair production is the transformation of electromagnetic energy into matter, into a particle and its antiparticle, usually an electron and a positron. Let's have a look at this situation.
When a high energy gamma ray with a minimum energy of 1.022 MeV passes close to an atomic nucleus, a phenomenon called pair production can occur. In this event, the energy of the gamma ray is converted into mass. It's a play right out of Albert Einstein's quantum mechanical playbook. The electron and positron are opposites of each other, and the appearance of an elementary particle and its antiparticle must obey conservation laws. That's where the "assistance" of a nearby atomic nucleus comes in. The electron and positron will appear and come away from the event with some given kinetic energy, and will scatter and slow down as they move off. The positron, of course, will end up combining with an electron in a mutual annihilation event where the two particles have their mass entirely converted into energy. This will result in a pair of electromagnetic rays, or photons, leaving the annihilation event and moving in opposite directions.
What is a sentence for neutron?
A neutron can be described as an uncharged elementary particle
Quarks are elementary particles and cannot be split or isolated due to the strong force that binds them together. They are always found in groups of two or three within a particle called a hadron.
What Is formed when electrons are shared by two atoms?
A covalent bond is formed. As opposed to an Ionic bond where electrons are transferred between the two.
What is the subatomic particle with a negative charge?
The subatomic particle with a negative charge is the electron.
The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 through his experiments with cathode rays. Thomson's discovery of the electron revolutionized the field of physics and laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.
Are there 2 positives in a quark and one negative?
== No. The quark is a fundamental particle, and it comes in 6 different forms. (A chart is posted by our friends at Wikipedia, and a link to that chart is provided below.) As it is a fundamental particle, there aren't "positives" or "negatives" inside a quark. We thought at one point that the quark was made up of point particles called partons, but that idea has been largely abandoned. We're still puzzling out the underlying nature of the quark. Work in the big colliders continues, and the blackboards and notepads of the research scientists who are pouring over the results are full of ideas. But nothing tenable has yet to be published. Links are provided to Wikipedia posts on the quark and related subjects. You'll find those links below.
Does a neutron have an electric charge?
No, a neutron does not have an electric charge. Neutrons are electrically neutral particles, meaning they have no positive or negative charge.
