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Probability

The probability of a certain event is a number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the number of possible occurrences. In mathematics, it is a measure of how often an event will happen and is the basis of statistics.

14,643 Questions

What is identical fraternal twins?

Too bad. I don't know. Go to a more reliable source. I just proved that answers here can be half-assed. Now go cry in a corner. Yeah, yeah.

How do you calculate the probability that a coin tossed would land in the shaded region of a circle with a radius of 6 meters?

You divide the area of the shaded region by the area of the full circle. For example, if the radius of the shaded region is 2 meters, the probability would be 4pi / 36pi, or 1/9. If the shaded region is a 'slice' of the circle, the chance is just the fraction of the circle which the 'slice' is.

What is the Probability density function of Poisson distribution?

If a random variable X has a Poisson distribution with parameter l, then the probability that X takes the value x is

Pr(X = x) = lx*e-l/x! for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

Why can coin flips be used to represent the possible genders of children in families?

They are a crude way to represent children's genders which depend on the assumptions that the probabilities are a half for either gender and that the probabilities are independent from one child to another.

In fact, neither assumption is true.

According to recent data, the probabilities of a child's gender is not 0.5 but males are more likely: prob = 0.5169.

Children's genders depend on parental ages and genes and so they are not independent events.

How does the standard deviation impact the margin of error?

another way to look at this could be to compare a study done on a particular medicine, when study is on a small group of participants versus a large group the results must be shown as proportional and can only be relevant as they are calculated as how many are made well to how many do not receive any favorable results. Many times when a study is done on the effects of a substance on another it must be shown that the margin of error is proportionate to the study. As for instance the drug which conquered polio was simply a vaccine made of the polio virus and had great affects on the disease. Although there was a margin of error that the US government felt was acceptable to allow the drug to be forcibly injected in all children of the late 50's.

What is the probability of rolling a 4 on a 10-sided dice?

If there is a different number on each face of the die and no numbers a repeated it is a 1 in 10 chance.

What is the probability of rolling a 2 on a die and then re-rolling the die and getting an even number?

The probability of rolling a 2 is 1 in 6. The probability of rolling an even number is 3 in 6. The probability of doing both, on two rolls, is 3 in 36, or 1 in 12.

What do dice and probability have in common?

Fair dice have a 1/6 probability of showing any one of its numbers on top. This, is a simple example which most people are familiar with. It is therefore a useful way to introduce various concepts related to probability.

How can you compare and analyze theoretical and experimental probabilities?

There are a number of statistical tests that are designed for this purpose. The Chi-squared and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests are two of the better known ways.

What is mean by -3standard deviation in bmi?

BMI varies from person to person and one measure of this variability is the standard deviation.

Assuming the BMI is approximately normally distributed, only around 0.135% of the people will have results that are -3 sd or lower.

When two dice are rolled the probability of getting a sum between 5 and 11?

With 2 six-sided dice, there are 36 outcomes. The answer will depend on the meaning of between. First, here's a table of the number of possibilities to obtain each sum:

  • sum 2: 1 possibility ( 1+ 1)
  • sum 3: 2 possible ( 1+2) (2+1)
  • sum 4: 3 possible (1+3) (2+2) (3+1)
  • sum 5: 4 possible (1+4) (4+1) (2+3) (3+2)
  • sum 11: 2 possible (5+6) (6+5)
  • sum 12: 1 possible (6+6)

So if between means 6 through 10, then add up all of the above and you have 13 outcomes which are not between 5 & 11. So there are (36-13=23) outcomes which are between.

So the probability is 23/36. If you meant to include so that it was 5 through 11, then add 6 outcomes, so it is 29/36.

What is a cumulative distributive function?

It the the probability that the random variable in question takes any value up to and including the argument.

Suppose you have a random variable X and f(x) is the probability that X = x [that is, the rv X takes the value x].

If F(x) denotes the cumulative distribution function of X, then

F(x) is the sum of all f(y) where y <= x.

Thus, for a fair die,

F(1) = f(1) = 1/6

F(2) = f(1) + f(2) = 2/6

F(3) = f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = 3/6 and so on.

Note that

F(X) = 0 for X < 1,

F(a+b) where a is an integer in the interval [1,6] and 0<b<1 is F(a). Thus, for example, F(3.5) = F(3).

and F(x) = 1 for x >=6.

In the case of continuous probability distributions, the summation is replaced by integration.

What is event whose probability is 1 because it happens every time?

The probability that a person will die is 1.

The probability is 1 that you will pick a club if all the spades, hearts and diamonds are removed from a 52-card deck.

What are the differences between probability and coincidence?

The difference between probability and coincidence are that probability means the odds or how likely some thing will happen or not. While coincidence means something that did happen already, and the likely hood of what caused this to happen either being rare or common.

Suppose 5 balls are drawn simultaneously from an urn containing 5 red and 6 white balls. Find the probability that at least 3 will be red balls.?

Slightly under 50% - (.4925, to be exact).
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Another opinion.

The probability that 3 balls are red is;

P(3R,2W) =

(5/11)(4/10)(3/9)(6/8)(5/7)[5!/(3!2!)] =

0.324675...

The probability that 4 balls are red is;

P(4R,1W) =

(5/11)(4/10)(3/9)(2/8)(6/7)[5!/(4!1!)] =

0.064935...

The probability that 5 balls are red is;

P(5R) =

5!6!/11! =

0.0021645...

The probability that at least 3 will be red balls is;

P(at

least 3R) =

P(3R,2W) + P(4R,1W) + P(5R) ~ 0.3918 ~ 39.2%

How many way can 5 boys and 4 girls be arranged so a boy will be in the beginning and end probibility?

There are 50,400 ways and the probability (or probibility, as you prefer) of that answer being correct is 1.