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Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of the structure and behavior of atoms and molecules. It is primarily based on Max Planck's Quantum theory, which incorporates Heisenberg's uncertainly principle and the de Broglie wavelength to establish the wave-particle duality on which Schrodinger's equation is based.
916 Questions
The wavelength of the electron can be calculated using the de Broglie wavelength formula, which is λ = h/p, where λ is the wavelength, h is the Planck constant, and p is the momentum of the electron. The momentum of the electron can be calculated using the relation p = sqrt(2mE), where m is the mass of the electron and E is the energy gained by the electron from the potential difference. By substituting the given values into these equations, you can calculate the wavelength of the electron.
best way to write above question is:
Work function = 6.08*10^-19J This is energy Min required to free one electron.
what max wavelength is requred to cause this event?
remember wavlength inversely proportional to energy of photon via planks constant h
hence E = hV but E = hc / (wavelength)
where
E = energy photon
V = frequency of photon
h = planks constant = 6.626068 × 10-34 m2 kg / s
now, because Min energy is proportional to max wavelength, which is related to frequency:
V = E/h = (6.08*10^-19J) / ( 6.626068 × 10-34 m2 kg / s)
= 9.176 * 10^14hz
now C = V*(wavelength)
so (wavelength) = (3*10^8m/s) / (9.176*10^14hz) =
= 3.27*10^-7 meters
between 0.7 and 300 micrometres is infra-red, but this is 0.327 micrometers!! This seems like a very large wavelength, and therefore low energy value.
What is the equation for the amount of energy to move an atom?
The equation for the amount of energy to move an atom is given by the formula E = F × d, where E is the energy, F is the force, and d is the distance the atom moves. This equation represents the work done in moving the atom.
How does the Higgs work in the Mexican Hat potential?
The Higgs field has a non-trivial self-interaction, which leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking: in the lowest energy state the symmetry of the potential (which includes the gauge symmetry) is broken by the condensate.
In the simplest example, the spontaneously broken field is described by a scalar field theory. In physics, one way of seeing spontaneous symmetry breaking is through the use of Lagrangians. Lagrangians, which essentially dictate how a system will behave, can be defined in potential terms:
L = du(f)du(f) - V(f).
It is in this potential term V(f) that the action of symmetry breaking occurs. The potential graph of this function has the look and appearance of a Mexican hat.
Why did Elmer Samuel Imes apply infrared spectroscopy to the quantum theory?
Elmer Samuel Imes applied infrared spectroscopy to the quantum theory to investigate the interactions of molecules with electromagnetic radiation and to provide experimental confirmation of quantum theory predictions. By studying the absorption and emission of infrared radiation by molecules, Imes was able to demonstrate the quantization of energy levels in molecules, supporting the principles of quantum mechanics.
How can a photon have frequency?
A photon behaves both as a wave and a particle. The frequency of a photon is related to its energy by the equation E = hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency. So, the frequency of a photon is a characteristic of its wave-like nature.
A photon's color is determined by its wavelength, which corresponds to a specific color in the visible spectrum. A photon of shorter wavelength appears bluer while a longer wavelength appears redder. The perception of color in photons is a result of how our eyes detect and interpret different wavelengths of light.
What is the wave function of 2 electron system of spin one state?
The wave function of a two-electron system with total spin one can be expressed using the symmetric spin wave function, taking into account both spatial and spin components. This wave function should satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle and be antisymmetric under exchange of electron coordinates.
Why does the temperature of a blackhole increases with decrease in volume or size?
First, you got to understand something. A black hole is just as a block of ice. The smaller it is the faster it melts. So speaking scientifically the black hole releases radiation relatively faster when its smaller than when it's bigger, which heats up the dead star. For that reason the black holes evaporate over a long time
What is the input quantity in quantum mechanics?
In quantum mechanics, the input quantity is the state of a quantum system, which describes all possible information about the system's physical properties at a given time. This state can be represented by a wave function, which contains information about the probabilities of different outcomes when the system is measured. The state evolves in time according to the Schrödinger equation, which describes how the system changes over time.
What are the eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in 1D?
In general, the Laplace operator in n dimensions is
∇2 = (∂/∂x1)2 + (∂/∂x2)2 + ... + (∂/∂xn)2,
and the eigenfunctions are the solutions f(x1, x2, ..., xn) of the partial differential equation:
∇2f = -λf,
where the eigenvalues -λ are to be determined. Often, the set of solutions will be constrained by given boundary conditions (which limits the possible values of λ), but for the purposes of this question that does not matter.
In one dimension this gives a simple linear differential equation with constant coefficients:
d2f/dx2 = -λf
which may be solved using standard, elementary techniques. For λ > 0 the solutions may be written:
f(x) = A cos((√λ) x) + B sin((√λ) x)
and for λ < 0:
f(x) = A exp((√-λ) x) + B exp(-(√-λ) x)
where in each case A and B are arbitrary constants. Using Euler's formula
exp(ia) = cos(a) + i sin(a)
the solutions in both cases can be written as linear combinations of the exponential functions exp((±i√λ) x).
In the case that λ = 0, the solutions are straight lines:
f(x) = Ax + B.
How do you find Polar moment of inertia of a 3d rigid body?
The polar moment of inertia of a 3D rigid body can be found by integrating the square of the distance from the axis of rotation for all the infinitesimally small elements of mass in the body. This integral takes into account both the area moment of inertia and the mass distribution of the body. The final result is a measure of the body's resistance to torsional deformation.
What is planks quantum hypothesis?
That light comes in indivisible chunks (he called them "quanta" but the present term is "photons") and that the energy of each such quanta is equal to the frequency of that light times a constant (now called Planck's Constant).
When Max Planck first proposed this idea in 1900, he only noted it as a mathematical curiosity that would permit a solution to the spectrum of black-body radiation. In other words, he didn't assert that it was actual description of reality. In 1905, Einstein noted that this same assumption would fully explain the photoelectric effect.
What is dynamical quantities in quantum mechanics?
In quantum mechanics, dynamical quantities are properties of a physical system that can change with time. These include observables such as position, momentum, energy, and angular momentum, which are represented by operators in the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. The study of these dynamical quantities helps describe the evolution of quantum systems over time.
Who came up with quantum mechanics?
In order to explain black body radiation Max Planck had to introduce the idea that electromagnetic radiation was emitted in discrete packets or "quanta" rather than continuous waves. Each quantum had a fixed energy given by E = hf where h is a constant and f is the frequency.
Chirality of a fermion is determined by the interaction with the Higgs field. In the Standard Model, the Higgs mechanism is responsible for giving mass to fermions and changing their chirality. Flavor-changing interactions, such as weak interactions, can also potentially change the chirality of fermions.
A neutrino is an elusive particle created in the core of large, hot stars, such as the sun in our solar system. Many shoot straight through matter with very, very, very few interactions with it. That's what makes studying them so hard: the slim probability that one will interact with matter. But, when I say many, I mean very many! In fact, 60,000 neutrinos are shooting straight through your left thigh, up your left nostril, and through the left side of your brain right now, and you don't even know it! The reason why they go through matter so easily, is because atoms are mostly empty space. A tiny nucleus with a cloud of electrons. So, since the neutrinos are tiny, they just go straight through the holes.
Neutrinos were discovered by Enrico Fermi, Italian for "Little Neutral one".
Will the car brakes stop the car accelerating at 50mph?
Yes. Assuming the brake system is not damaged brakes can always stop a car faster than the engine can acellerate it.
You can think of it this way. Brakes can generate more "negative horsepower" than an engine can generate positive horsepower.
Is there any real evidence supporting string theory?
In a way, string theory is like a religion. You can't really "see" strings, but you know it makes sense because it affects things around it. It's either totally correct or totally wrong. *same with black holes*
What is strangness in Physics?
Strangeness is a number tacked on to hadrons which allows certain decay predictions. To calculate the strangeness of a particle you take the negative of the quantity of the number of strange quarks minus the number of anti strange quarks. If we take a sigma 0 baryon (up+down+strange) we can run the particle through the equation -((1 strange)-(0 anti-strange))=-1. So, a Sigma 0 baryon has -1 strangeness.
The only real significance of this is the fact that we can predict the decay products. High strangeness implies a high likelihood of decaying into a bottomed or charmed hadron.
However, when considering the other quantum numbers there are various other things it implies in quantum flavourdynamics.
Quantum physics is the study of the motion of particles, specifically the study of the behavior of subatomic particles such as photons, quarks, neutrons, leptons and about 20 others. These particles make up the basic atom and are responsible for the interactions of atoms and the basic properties of matter and energy.
Quantum physics is the area of physics that focus on things that are on the atomic scale. Quantum physics, or quantum mechanics, explains why atoms, electrons, etc. act the way they do specifically on that really small scale.
What summarizes Planck theory of light?
The relation between the energy (E) of a photon and the frequency (v) of its associated electromagnetic wave is called the Planck relation or the Planck--Einstein equation:
E = hv
h is the Planck constant which as a value of about 6.626 * 10-34 J*s (a very very small number)
Protons and neutrons cannot be directly observed within the nucleus due to their small size. Physicists study their motion and behavior indirectly using techniques like scattering experiments, particle accelerators, and nuclear reactions. These methods provide insights into the structure and properties of the nucleus.
Why Heisenberg principle introduce?
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle was introduced by Werner Heisenberg in 1927 to explain the limitation of simultaneously knowing both the position and momentum of a subatomic particle. It states that the more accurately we know the position of a particle, the less accurately we can know its momentum, and vice versa. This principle is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics and has significant implications for our understanding of the behavior of particles at the quantum level.
How many number of degrees of freedom for a particle moving ona given space curve?
Two. One for its location on the curve (which, because it is a curve, requires only a single piece of information) and another one for its speed along the curve. Its phase space is thus two-dimensional.
