Shabbat

Ivanka Trump converted to Judaism prior to marrying her husband. According to all reports, she observes Jewish holy days.

Yes, Yom Kippur sometimes falls on Saturdays.

The food at a Jewish seder all has symbolic meaning to remind them of Jewish slavery under the Egyptians and then freedom under the guidance of Moses. Salted water can be symbolic either of the salty tears shed by the Jewish slaves or the salt water of the Red Sea, through which they crossed to freedom. At a Jewish Passover seder, salted water is used to dip parsley or another green herb in before eating to symbolize the coming of spring and the perpetual renewal of life.

Not really.

There is no express prohibition on exercising on Shabbat, but there are numerous general prohibitions which would make exercising de facto impossible. For example: a person cannot shower or use a towel on shabbat, nor any electrical exercise equipment, nor expend any monies to travel or go to a gym. Additionally, a Jew must dress in his best clothes during Shabbat, so exercise attire would be out (and who wants to sweat in a suit?).

roll on is okay, gel is not.

That depends on your religion. If you are Jewish, then it is on the 7th day of the week, when God rested after creation, which is Saturday. If you are Christian, it is on the 1st day of the week, the day Jesus rose from the dead, which is Sunday.

As offerings can only be given when the Temple is standing, no offerings have been made since 70CE. As per the Torah, prayer replaces offerings when we are without the Temple.

Shabbat (the Sabbath) is the holiest day. It occurs every week, from Friday at sundown to Saturday at sundown.

The second holiest day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.

If you are asking for the time before Sabbath actually begins, it changes every week based on sunset.
Click on the links below to go directly to a shabbat candlelighting times (usually candle-lighting tme is 18 minutes befor the sabbath begins):

Yes, I think so.

The Torah establishes the Sabbath with commandments to keep the Sabbath day, to remember the Sabbath day, and constraining what may be done on the Sabbath. And, in the Jewish liturgy that emerged from this framework, the Sabbath morning service includes a Torah reading where, traditionally, about 1/52 of the Torah is read, so that over the course of the year, every Jew who attends Sabbath services on a regular basis will hear (and, we hope, learn from) the entire Torah.

Jesus died clearly on what is called Good Friday, as the Jews would not do any form of work , or take the life of people on the cross on a sabbath.

No - Havdalah is the service at the end of Shabbat.

Yes, it would have been a violation of Shabbat and would not have happened.

To my knowledge, round challot are allowed on Shabbat. They are traditionally used on the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashana, when we celebrate the new year, but are not limited to that use.

When the Pharisee reacted that Jesus violated the rules of the Sabbath, Jesus then told them about the time of King David. David and his men ate the food of the temple even it was only required for a priest.Abiathar the priest at that time allowed them because Yahweh allowed it. Jesus then told the Pharisee that the Sabbath was made for man not man for the Sabbath.

The Roman Emperor Constantine changed the Christian Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday in 321 CE.

According to the Halakha any kind of work is forbidden during Shabbat. There are 39 categories of work mentioned in the Torah, so you can tell even with new technologies what is considered work.

For instance you cannot cook, but you can use an oven that has been left on to warm and serve hot food.

You cannot drive (even going to vacation).

You cannot lit fire.. etc etc

The only rule the goes against the work prohibitions during Shabbat is saving a life - you can do any kind of work to save lives.

So, you can basically pray, visit with friends and family, read a nice book, grab lunch, go on a walk, have sex, pray again, have sex, go to synagogue, eat dinner, and by then Shabbat is over.

In the strictest sense, there is a Jewish holiday every week. Shabbat, the Sabbath, is every week.

As for whether there are additional holidays to Shabbat this week would require us to know which week this is. If that is the intent, please resubmit the question specifying the week.

Slavery was abolished in the USA in the 1860s, and no longer exists generally, at

least in the Western world. Employment is now more of an implied 'contract', that

represents some level of agreement between the parties. An employer can't 'force'

an employee to do anything. When presented with any request or assignment, an

employee always has three choices: Comply, negotiate, or walk.

For the Jews it last from Friday sunset to Saturday evening when it is dark.

Within the town or city, as long as the built-up area is contiguous, there is no limit. Outside of city limits (that is, from the point that the built-up area stops), the halakhic (Torah) limit is two thousand cubits (about 3000 feet or one kilometer).

If you eat a meal after havdalah which includes bread, you say hamotsi. Kiddush is not said on Saturday night unless a Yom Tov begins on that night.
The traditional meal eaten after Havdalah includes bread (where possible), and is called the Melaveh Malkah, in honor of the departing Sabbath.