Speleology

Pahoehoe lava, which has a smooth, rope-like texture and forms by flowing rapidly and cooling quickly, is more likely to form lava tube caves due to its ability to retain heat and flow for long distances before solidifying. Aa lava, with its jagged and blocky texture, tends to move more sluggishly and is less likely to create extensive tube structures.

The most famous spot for lava tubes on Earth is Hawai'i. Because of the geography, the Lava Tubes on Big Island are the biggest in the World. Kazumura Cave is 61.407 m long and has a height difference of 1102 m from end to end.

weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, creating a reversible reaction that releases hydrogen ions. It plays a role in the carbon cycle and affects the pH of natural water bodies.

Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.

This would be called a precipitate. A precipitate is an insoluble solid that forms out of a solution when it becomes supersaturated. Calcite precipitates are often found in limestone caves in the form of stalagmites.

Dissolved in water, e/g/ atmospheric CO2 into rain-water.

Water in caves can vary in acidity depending on factors such as the rock composition and interactions with organic matter. In some caves, groundwater can become acidic due to the presence of minerals like sulfuric acid from rock weathering processes. However, not all water in caves is necessarily acidic, and some may be neutral or even slightly alkaline.

Loose rock fragments can be caused by weathering, or indeed erosion. They can be found in a scree slope, and alluvial fan, a beach, in the soil (they are the soil, sometimes).

Loose rock fragments are known to a geologist as 'Unconsolidated sediment' which can be classified into various groups. Consider alluvium; the deposit from a river.

Cavern, grotto, the French word for (Cave) is Grotte.

Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the underground cave that means huge. It is the world's longest known cave system, with over 400 miles of explored passageways, making it a popular tourist destination for exploring its vast chambers and underground landscape.

A cave system is a network of interconnected underground passages and chambers formed by natural processes such as erosion, dissolution, or volcanic activity. These systems can vary in size and complexity, often containing unique geological formations and ecosystems. Many cave systems are popular destinations for exploration and research.

=Caves tells us who lived in them and probably the drawings that the cave men have done Also the type of rocks that get piled on top of each other like sedimentary rock that gets pilled so the rock on the bottom was way back then with different rocks than the rocks from this century and the style of rock=

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) has the main compound, carbon, in the middle. carbon has a double bond with oxygen (indicated by two lines pointing towards oxygen), then it has two covalent bonds with two other oxygen molecules. those oxygen molecules have one bond each to hydrogen. here is the best illustration: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbonic-acid-2D.svg

Not all acids burn through things. The strength of an acid determines its corrosive properties. Strong acids like sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid can cause burns and damage to materials, while weak acids like acetic acid (vinegar) are less corrosive.

Very little!

Microflora (some algae and moulds)

Bacteria

Various fauna, mainly invertebrates.

Other animals, particularly bats, use caves as roost, nurseries or hibernaculae, but feed outside.

Yes, when hydrogen gas is ignited, it burns with a clean, blue flame and makes a characteristic "pop" sound due to its high combustion speed. This sound is more noticeable in a confined space where the pressure builds up before ignition.

The temperature will be influenced by where the cave is located both in altitude and where on the earth. The average temperature of caves in Texas is close to 70 degrees.Wisconsin caves will average from 49-52 degrees depending on where in the state the cave is located.

It can be called an active, dormant or extinct volcano. An active volcano erupts regularly and frequently, however, it might not erupt at some times. A dormant volcano rarely erupts. Therefore, it does not erupt for most of the time. An extinct volcano does not erupt anymore.

Three: Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen. It's a solution of carbon-dioxide in water.

Hydrogen is an explosive gas- remember the Hindenberg! This is regular Hydrogen not the radioactive variety- the H-bomb so powerful it needs a regular nuclear bomb to act as a detonator, a double-flash indeed.

Lava is magma that has reached the surface.

Magma can be formed from the subduction and melting of cold, dense, wet oceanic crust at some convergent plate margins. The moisture in the rock assists in the melting of the crust and the rock surrounding it. Magma is also formed at hot spots in the mantle where hot material undergoes decompression melting as it rises. Decompression melting also occurs at the mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust is formed from rising mantle rock.

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is dissolved in water, making natural rainwater slightly acidic, so when other gases such as sulphur dioxide are dissolved in rainwater, it becomes more acidic than it would be if it didn't contain carbonic acid.

Stalacite means a deposit that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cave.

A good way to remember the two words stalacite and stalagmite is: Stalacite has a C in it so that can represent ceiling and stalagmite has a G in it which can represent ground.

A skydiver loses speed when he opens the parachute because the parachute creates drag by slowing down the movement of air. This drag force opposes the motion of the skydiver, causing a decrease in speed. Additionally, the larger surface area of the parachute increases the effect of air resistance on the skydiver's body.