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From the CIA World Book entry on Turkmenistan. " . . . Turkmenistan is a largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and large gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; formerly it was the world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an almost 50% decline in cotton exports. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goals remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports rose by an average of 15% per year from 2003-06, largely because of higher international oil and gas prices. In 2006, Ashgabat raised its natural gas export prices to its main customer, Russia, from $66 per thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $100 per tcm. Overall prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, a poor educational system, government misuse of oil and gas revenues, and Ashgabat's unwillingness to adopt market-oriented reforms. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the rate of GDP growth is uncertain. President BERDIMUHAMEDOW's election platform included plans to build a gas line to China, to complete the AmuDarya railroad bridge in Lebap province, and to create special border trade zones in southern Balkan province - a hint that the new post-NIYAZOV government will work to create a friendlier foreign investment environment. . . . "
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Afghanistan.
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The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat.
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"Mandatory and universal" is the way in which education is self-described in the Central Asian Turkic state of Turkmenistan.
Specifically, the first ten (10) years of school are mandatory for all Turkmen. That takes students through both the primary and the secondary levels. Instruction includes the teaching of the Arabic language and of Islamic principles.
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Turkestan doesn't formally exist - it's a name for the entire territory of people who speak Turkic languages, which spans over many countries, including parts of Western China. Turkmenistan is also one of these countries.
Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia, which was one of the republics of USSR.
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Baklava is sold in ashgabat, turkmenistan.
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89 persent of turkmen people are Muslim
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The difference between Australia's climate and Turkmenistan's climate is the dryness of the air. Turkmenistan is very dry both on the ground and in the air.
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Turkmenistan's religion is Islam. over 89% is sunni and 9% is shi'a.
Also Christians and Hindus do exist although in very low numbers.
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Afghanistan
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Turkmen Museum of Fine Arts was created in 1927.
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The Caspian Sea / Lake.