Waves Vibrations and Oscillations

S waves are transverse waves, which means the particles in the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. This is in contrast to P waves, which are longitudinal waves where the particles vibrate parallel to the wave direction.

Pros: Sound waves are efficient for communication, can travel through various mediums, and are essential for language, music, and signaling in nature.

Cons: Sound waves can be easily disrupted by obstacles, lose energy over distance, and can cause noise pollution in high concentrations.

Primary waves (P-waves) have the highest velocities in earthquakes, typically traveling at speeds of 6-7 kilometers per second through the Earth's interior. These waves are the fastest seismic waves and are the first to be recorded on seismographs during an earthquake.

Gamma waves have the highest frequency (and energy) of all the electromagnetic waves.

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) from outer space (and that's about all we know of them!) have extraordinary high energies, and hence frequencies.

A soft sound is produced by a wave with a low amplitude. Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of particles caused by the wave. In the case of a soft sound, the amplitude of the wave is relatively small compared to a louder sound.

Well you know when you write a sentence, the paper stays in one place while your hand moves the pen. But in a seismograph, it's the pen that remains stationary while the paper moves. Why is this? All seismographs make use of a basic principle of physics: Whether it is moving or at rest, every object resists any change to its motion. A seismograph's heavy weight resists motion during a quake. But the rest of the seismograph is anchored to the ground and vibrates when seismic waves arrive.

The only reason that the p wave arrives faster than an s wave is because the p wave comes first in the chain. Thus, depending on the type of earthquake, the s wave tends to come 1-3 hours after the p wave.

Wave A takes a more direct route to the receiving station as it travels through the Earth's interior, while wave B experiences more reflection and refraction as it travels along the Earth's surface.

No, surface waves move slower than P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are the fastest seismic waves, followed by S-waves, and then surface waves. Surface waves travel along the Earth's surface and are responsible for the most damage during an earthquake.

The natural frequency of the spring refers to its frequency when hit or struck. Its lowest frequency is called fundamental frequency. For a spring, the 1st mode of natural frequency is fundamental frequency.

In simple terms the shadow zone of the S-wave is larger because of the Earth's liquid outer core. The S-wave cannot travel through the liquid outer core but the P-waves get refracted at the boundary between the mantle and the outer core. This is why the S-wave shadow zone is larger than the P wave shadow zone.

P waves are refracted at the liquid outer core of the Earth, while S waves are attenuated or stopped entirely. This allows P waves to go "around" the core and reach locations on the far side of the Earth that are within the shadow of the S waves.

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A P-wave is a longitudinal wave with an alternating stretching and compressing motion in the direction of propagation. An S wave is a transverse wave with a vertical motion perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

The shadow zone of a P-wave exists from 105 to 143 degrees (epicentral distance). This is caused by P waves meeting the liquid outer core and being refracted. Part of the P wave is also reflected by the outer core and as a result of the two, a shadow zone exists.

The shadow zone of an S-wave exists from 105 to 180 degrees (epicentral distance). S-waves cannot travel through liquids at all so rather than being refracted by the liquid outer core and traveling through it, they are totally reflected, resulting in a shadow zone from 105 to 180 degrees.

i think so.. :/

Travel fastest through rock material causing rock particles in the rock to move back or forth

Seismic waves, specifically surface waves, can affect the surface of the land by causing it to rise and fall like waves on an ocean. These waves are typically generated during an earthquake and can produce the most visible effects on the Earth's surface.

Earthquakes are the most common earth event that creates seismic waves. When rocks break and move along a fault line, energy is released in the form of seismic waves that travel through the Earth's crust, leading to earthquakes.

The fast is primary wave which travels through liguid, solid and gas. This how Geologist know the outer core is liquid. Secondary waves travel through only solid. The primary wave are the first to reach the seismograph.

Electromagnetic waves

Seismic waves change speed and direction when they encounter changes in the density and composition of rocks. The Mohorovicic Discontinuity marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle, causing seismic waves to abruptly change behavior when passing through it. By analyzing the way seismic waves interact with this boundary, scientists can infer the presence and properties of the Mohorovicic Discontinuity.

The speed of electromagnetic waves decreases when they transition from air to water because water has a higher refractive index than air. This causes the waves to bend or refract as they enter the water.

Seismic uplift is the vertical movement of the Earth's surface caused by the upward displacement of subsurface rocks in response to tectonic forces or the release of stress along a fault. It can lead to the formation of fault scarps, ridges, or other landforms and can also contribute to the development of earthquakes in certain areas.

Seismic waves can dramatically change in velocity and direction when they encounter boundaries between different types of rock or geological formations. These changes, known as refraction and reflection, occur at interfaces with contrasting physical properties, leading to the bending or bouncing of seismic waves. The behavior of seismic waves at these boundaries provides valuable information about the Earth's interior structure.

seismologists

In the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation the wave property that changes is the frequency. So for example xrays have higher frequency then blue light which has higher frequency then red light which has higher frequency then radio waves etc.