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Weimar Republic
The short lived Weimar Republic was established in 1919, as a result of the German Revolution. In 1933, the Weimar Republic was taken over in a seizure of power by the Nazi Party, in what became Hitler's Third Reich.
226 Questions
How far did the weimar republic recover after 1923?
Weimar-Germany recovered from its problems in 1928 by agreeing to pay reparations as well as bringing workers back to work and ending passive resistance. The workers were no longer on strike. Gustav Stresseman helped Germany recover from hyper-inflation by changing the currency, agreeing to pay reparations, and borrowing money from America. The Dawes Plan was a huge achievement to Germany as they were given longer to pay reparations which meant the amount they had to pay each year was less. Also the Young Plan decreased the amount Germany had to pay because everyone had better relationships with Germany. A new government was formed and Germany was paying reparations as foreign banks were lending them money and America was lending huge loans to Germany, over 800 million. This meant Germany had more then enough to pay back reparations. Germany also invested in a new economy and built new machinery, buildings, hospitals, schools, factories. Germany became a lot richer and the industry took off. By 1928 they were producing the same amount as they had before the war, by 1929 they were producing 33% more then before the war. Germany was the most successful economy and had the fastest recovery than either Britain or France. Factory workers' pay increased hugely and their working conditions improved as well. All of their success were because of American loans, however the loans could be called back at any time.
Germany had recovered from all of its problems by 1928 and was doing just as well as they had before the war. However as all of their successes were because of loans, Germany was at risk and as Stresemann said "Germany was dancing on a volcano"
Why were there attempts to overthrow the Weimar Republic in 1918 and 1919?
Strictly speaking, the 'Spartacus Week' of 5-12 January 1919 predates the formation of the Weimar Republic. It was confined to Berlin and the chances of the Spartacists gaining power were very remote. The most serious threat was the hardline right wing Kapp-Putsch of March 1920, which sent the government fleeing first to Dresden and then to Stuttgart.
Who was the last president of the Weimar Republic?
Adolf Hitler, he disintegrated the republic in 1933.
Before him was Gustav Stresemann i think.
How did the failures of the Weimar Republic pave the way for the rise of Hitler?
Between 1925 and 1929, which were prosperous years for Weimar Germany, the Nazis made little headway among the masses of industrial workers, who remained loyal to either the Social Democrats or the large, legal German Communist Party. But the Nazis did pick up voters among the members of the middle classes who had been ruined in the great inflation and among the numerous white-collar workers who saw their relative's status slipping in postwar Germany.
What was life like under the weimar republic for Germans?
the Germans hated the Weimar republic because they felt betrayed and ''stabbed in the back'' because they signed the T.O.V. They wanted revenge on them and they just didn't have the money because of hyperinflation e.c.t
Why was the Beer Hall Putsch a successful event in Adolf Hitler's career?
It drew great attention to Hitler and the Nazi party - leading people to recognise them easily - publicity. This also lead to an increase in Nazi supporters.
How did Hitler become chancellor because of the actions of Von papen and Hindenburg?
Answer Believe it or not, he was elected. His Nazi party became powerful through some un-odrthodox means and also became popular. He was elected Chancellor of Germany.
Why did Weimar republic set up in Germany after World War 1 became unpopular?
Germany was known as the Weimar Republic after WW I because the republic was established in 1919 in the city of Weimar.
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The term Weimar Republic is a nickname that was only introduced after it had ceased to exist.
1. Germany emerged from World War 1 deeply divided - left versus right (and also mainstream Social Democrats versus the radical left). Nationalists made two attempts to overthrow the new republic (Kapp-Putsch 1920 and Hitler's attempted putsch in 1923). There were also various Communist uprisings, the best known being the Spartacist uprising of January 1919, but there were others, for example in the Ruhr in 1920. Bands of mercenaries and political assassinations became common.
2. Defeat itself was something that many on the right were unwilling to accept. They concocted the stab-in-the-back legend, a conspiracy theory that Germany had not been defeated at all but had been 'stabbed in the back' by various subversives on the home front - socialists, Bolshevists, Jews, liberals, organzied labour and so on.
3. The Treaty of Versailles was harsh, but it is very hard to imagine a peace treaty that would have been acceptable to hardline nationalists.
4. It is worth noting that when attacking the leaders of the Weimar Republic the nationalists nearly always talked about 'the November criminals', in other words those who had asked for an armistice.
5. In 1923 France and Belgium claimed that Germany had defaulted on reparations payments and occupied the Ruhr - the key industrial area of Germany. This was interpreted by most Germans as going beyond the Versailles Treaty.
6. Inflation, resulting initially from the slipshod way in which the German government had financed the war, was also a serious problem.
I hope that the above will make it clear that - contrary to popular mythology - the Versailles Treaty was not the only problem, and probably not the main problem, either.
Joncey
Why were people so angry at the Weimar Republic?
- The Weimar politicians had to sign the Treaty of Versailles. From that point on the people living in Weimar Germany associated their new government bitterly with their defeat in WW1.
- Many people in Germany hated democracy, the Weimar Republic was probably one of the most democratic in the world. The roots for democracy in post WW1 Germany were weak.
- The financial crises of 1923 and 1929 created mass unemployment.
The Dawes Plan was an American cooperation with the European nations upon the matters of German reparation. Due to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had taken the blame for starting WWI and was forced to pay for the costs. Unable to pay these unimaginable amounts, France and Belgium took control of the Ruhr region. US, with a sense of justice developed the Dawes plan, in which one, loaned money to Germany and reorganized their reparation payments, two, set up financial reforms and new taxes in aid of Germany's economic crisis and three, evacuated the Ruhr area of Allied troops. With this, German economy rejuvenated and the Dawes plan proved successful. That is until the Stock Market Crash of 1929; USA met an economic crisis and ended her aid to Germany. With the end of the Dawes plan, a new plan for reforming process was to be made.
Upon the end of World War I, the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to pay crushing reparations to the other European powers. In 1923, unable to pay these unimaginable amounts, France and Belgium took control of the Ruhr region. Germany's economy deescalated due to massive inflation and growing unemployment. Although the United States of America held no relationship with the Treaty of Versailles, the deepening economic crisis in Germany and the actions of France induced the US to attempt to create some peace in the utter chaos. As USA was experiencing the roaring twenties in which the economy was in escalation in every aspect, the US decided to help. In 1924, an international committee was formed with two representatives each from Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, and the United States. The Dawes Plan aimed to assist Germany's failing economy and promote national security with the balance of powers.
The American delegates, financier Charles G. Dawes and financier Owen D. Young led the plan and with the cooperation of the many members, the Dawes Plan proved successful. German currency was stabilized and inflation was no longer a problem. Yet because the successes of the Dawes plan were primarily due to the infusions of the United States, when the Stock Market crashed in 1929, American economy deescalated rapidly. The United States of America worried of its national security, decided to promote nativism and isolationism. Cutting off all foreign ties, including the international loans, the United States of America abandoned Germany.
Beside this, the Dawes Plan ignored the original reparation plans set by the Treaty of Versailles, creating tension between the predominant powers. Due to the United States' intervention upon the matter of Germany's reparations, tensions increased between USA and the European powers. In addition to this Adolf Hitler and Alfred Hugenberg of Germany disliked the Dawes Plan to begin with, as it did not reduce the total amount of reparations. Furthermore the idea that German economy would be under foreign control disgusted them.
Why did the the revolts against the Weimar Republic fail 1919-1921?
The Frankfurt Assembly had no powers to raise taxes and relied completely on the goodwill of the monarchs. As many of the members held influential positions in provincial governments, their reluctance to call for radical reforms or annoy their employers in any way meant that it was never possible for the assembly to raise the funds necessary for raising an army or even to enforce any laws that were passed. Dominated by the moderate liberals, there was no chance that a more militant mood would take over and the hundred or so radicals, who believed that an armed uprising was necessary if the old powers were to be defeated, lost interest and left the assembly to try and raise forces at a local level to bring about a 'real' revolution. Without a bureaucracy they could not raise any money and without any money they could not raise a bureaucracy. The assembly started strongly with a great deal of motivation to get things done. This impetus was soon dissipated, however, as the various major divides between the various factions of the Frankfurt Assembly came to the fore-advocates of Grossdeutschland versus advocates of Kleindeutschland, Catholics versus Protestants, supporters of Austria versus supporters of Prussia. As various issues arose before the Frankfurt Assembly, the splits between the various factions became evident. The major conflict that later caused the collapse of the whole assembly was the demands from the left that the assembly declare its sovereign rights and write a democratic constitution, while the cautious liberals believed until the end that negotiations with the reactionary monarchs could lead to some small reforms. The various interest groups began to gather in local meeting places in order to decide on tactics in the assembly, ranging from royalist conservatives to radicals, these were not in a position to formulate coherent policies and membership was at best tenuous.
Meanwhile, outside the Frankfurt Assembly, the rulers of the German states gradually realised that their positions were no longer under threat. The King of Bavaria had stepped down, it was true, but that was only partly the result of pressure from below. As the threat of an armed uprising receded it was clear that German unification was a dead letter. The princes were unwilling to give up any power in the pursuit of unification of the whole country. Some princes were so firmly opposed to the Frankfurt Assembly that they had only tolerated its existence while they quelled rebellions in their respective territories. As soon as they had crushed the rebels, they followed the example of Prussia, recalling their deputies from the Assembly. Only Prussia, with its overwhelming military might, was able to overcome the objections of local princes to the unification of Germany and protect the Frankfurt Assembly from military attack by the princes. But Prussia's motives with regard to the very existence of the Frankfurt National Assembly were always questionable at best.
There were few things on which the deputies of the Frankfurt National Assembly could agree to act. One measure of the Assembly that was significant for the future of Germany was the founding of the Reichsflotte, the German Navy, on June 14, 1848.
The powerlessness of the Frankfurt Assembly, however, was reflected in the debate over the Danish Conflict of 1848. Like many other events of 1848, the Danish conflict was sparked by a street demonstration. On March 21, 1848, the people of Copenhagen poured out into the streets to demand a liberal Constitution. The majority in the Danish province of Holstein and in the southern part of the province of Schleswig was German-speaking. The citizens of the city of Kiel located in the Danish province of Holstein, where a majority of the population spoke German, were unsure of what was occurring in Copenhagen and revolted themselves to establish a separate and autonomous province with closer relations with the German states. On March 24, 1848, they set up a new provisional, autonomous government in Holstein and raised a Schleswig-Holstein army of 7,000 soldiers. The broad range of national/unification opinion in the German states supported joining both provinces of Schleswig and Holstein to a new unified state of Germany. Prussia sent an army in support of the independence movement in Schleswig and Holstein. Prussia ignored the Frankfurt National assembly altogether when Great Britain and Russia applied international pressure to end the war. The Prussians signed a peace reached at Malmo which required the removal of all Prussian troops from the two duchies and agreed to all other Danish demands.The Treaty of Malmo was greeted with extreme public consternation in Germany, as reflected in the debate over the treaty in Frankfurt National Assembly. Because the Frankfurt National Assembly had no army of its own, it could do nothing about the unilateral actions on the part of Prussia. On September 16, 1848, the Frankfurt National Assembly approved of the Malmo Treaty by a majority vote. Public support for the National Assembly declined sharply following the vote on the Malmo Treaty. Indeed, the Radical Republicans came out in opposition to the Assembly itself as a result of the vote on the Malmo Treaty.
After many diversions, the Frankfurt National Assembly was finally able to take up the issue of a German constitution. In October 1848, King Frederick William IV of Prussia unilaterally issued a monarchist constitution. Under this new monarchist Constitution a Prussian Assembly was established. The Assembly was a bicameral legislature, consisting of a Herrenhaus (House of Lords) or upper house, whose members were selected by the provincial governments, and a Landtag (Country Diet) whose members were elected by male suffrage but were seated only through a complicated system of electoral committees. Otto von Bismarck was elected to this first Landtag. The Landtag was an attempt to directly undercut the authority of the Frankfurt National Assembly. In an attempt to regain some authority, the Frankfurt Assembly dispatched a delegation to offer King Frederick William IV the crown of German emperor in April 1849. King Frederick William, however, turned down the offer, because he would accept a crown only by the grace of God, not "from the gutter".
The Frankfurt National Assembly came into existence partly because of events that had begun in Vienna, Austria, which resulted in the fall of Prince Metternich from power. The support for the Assembly came mainly from the southern provinces, where there was a tradition of opposition to the local tyrants. After Austria had crushed the Italian revolts of 1848/1849, the Habsburgs were ready to turn their attention back to Germany. Unable to muster an army and lacking support from the German states, the Assembly could not resist Austrian power. The Frankfurt National Assembly was dissolved on May 31, 1849.
Who led the Freikorps in their attempt to overthrow Weimar republic?
The Kapp Putsch took place in Weimar Germany in March 1920. Wolfgang Kapp was a right-wing journalist.
When was the Weimar republic declared?
On 9 November 1918 Germany was proclaimed a republic and Kaiser Wilhlem II went into exile in the Netherlands. (All the other German monarchs were also ousted at the time). Power passed to a body called the Council of People's Deputies which consisted of three Social Democrats and three Independent Social Democrats. A National Assembly met in Weimar on 6 February (away from the Spartacist uprisings in Berlin) and after much deliberation worked out a constitution that came into full effect on 11 August 1919.
What did the Dawes Plan do to deal with runaway German inflation?
The German inflation was brought under control by the Germans themselves in 1923-24. The Dawes Plan was concerned with reparations.
How did the beer hall putsch affect Hitler?
Hitler was a nervous wreck. He attempted to initiate a "Scorched-Earth Policy". Basically this was brought by the idea "If I can't have it no one can".
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Some historians claim that it was during this time period that Hitler's addiction to amphetamines worsened, perhaps effecting the outcome of the Second World War. At his worst point, Hitler was getting injected with amphetamines 7-8 times a day by his incompetant physician, Dr. Theodor Morell. We can only assume in his doped state his mental capacity wasn't quite as sharp as it needed to be.
The US loaned money to Germany and Germany was to repay its reparations to Europeans after World War I. The Europeans were then to make loan payments to US (to repay the loans we gave them during WWI). The whole plan fell apart when the Great Depression hit. The Johnson Act later took effect which stated that the U.S would not trade or invest with any nation that wasn't paying their loans.
Why did the weimar republic fall?
because the left and right wing extremers hated each other so much that they supported weimar against the revolt of the opposite wing. because the left and right wing extremers hated each other so much that they supported weimar against the revolt of the opposite wing.
What happenned to the kapp putsch?
Kapp was a mid-level army officer, who in march 1920 tried to overthrow the Weimar republic. Although a military man, the army refused to get involved, neither supporting or opposing him. His Putsch eventually failed because the left organised mass strikes and protests. Without the backing of the military, Kapp's nerve snapped, and he withdrew
What were the problems facing the weimar republic?
Heavy reparations ordered by the Treaty of Versailles.
Runaway inflation after the assassination of the Finance Minister, Walter Rathenau.
What did Hitler do in the beer hall putsch?
The beer hall putsch (or push) was a failed coup that took place from 8pm, November 8th, to 12pm, November 9th, 1923. It began when Hitler and the Nazis entered the beer hall. Hitler's goal was to gain control of Bavaria and Germany. Hitler took the current triumvirate captive, gave a speech about the overthrow, all in an attempt to gain support from the triumvirate and the people. While he was doing this, Nazis were in Munich advocating for the new rule. Once Hitler leaves to look over the Nazis and their success in Munich, the triumvirate escapes and the coup falls apart. When they escape, the triumvirates push to stop the coup and the coup then falls apart.
Why was the weimar republic created?
It started by a guy called Jesus going to visit Germany and wanted to do something for it because he felt sorry for it for losing WWI. So he decided to rebuild it and making it republic, but then a guy called hitler aslo wanted to control but Jesus said no. At the time Jesus was Jewish and that's what made hitler hate jews
How were the Jews viewed by the German people during the Weimar Republic?
Many, perhaps a majority of Germans, didn't share the Nazi leadership's rabid hatred of the Jews, but weren't prepared to risk their lives helping Jews or speaking out against Nazi antisemitism. * This is one of the reasons why the regime was very secretive about the Holocaust. * After World War 2 there was very little antisemitism in Germany
How did the dawes plan improve Germany's economy?
The Dawes plan helped with Germany's econmy the U.S. gave money to the Germans so that they could pay back their "bills" to the French and British because of the Treaty or Versailles, so that when those countris recieved the money they could pay back the U.S
