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Avery and his colleagues wanted to isolate the active chemical responsible for the transformation principle (genes) and group it into a known group of chemicals (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides...) or at least find out its basic chemical properties.

So it could maybe be formulated as follows: "What is the active chemical inducing transformation of Pneumococci Type II to Pneumococci Type III in previously outlined experiments?"

Therefore, the null-hypothesis would be: "Which chemical substances can be excluded from being responsible for inducing this transformation?"

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Who were Avery McCarthy Macleod and oswald?

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