Israel

Anti-Semitism is a hatred, revulsion, or denigration of Jewish people and a belief that those people are somehow (by dint of their genetics) more violent, conniving, mischievous, and dastardly than other people. In some cases, like the Nazis or Extremist Muslims, they are considered a "sub-human" race, on par with monkeys. Almost all Anti-Semites are not Jews for the simple reason that no person would willingly consider himself a putrid thing.

Anti-Zionism is a rejection of Zionism. Zionism is merely Jewish Nationalism, the belief that Jews have a right to have their own country where they can determine their own future. Zionists can be both Jews and non-Jews and Anti-Zionists can be both Jews and non-Jews, because the question of whether the Jews have a right to a state is a political question. Since the Jews were able to create such a country, Israel, Anti-Zionism is usually seen as Anti-Israel sentiment.

It is important to note that there are those who wish to argue that Anti-Semitism does not apply exclusively to Jews (since there are non-Jewish Semites), but the term Anti-Semite has never been used to describe anything but Jew-hatred. Additionally, people like to claim that Zionism is a code word for an international cabal of evil Jews trying to control the world. Aside from the fact that such a cabal does not exist, such a thing would fall under Anti-Semitism, not Zionism or Anti-Zionism since this cabal would not be concerned with Jewish Nationalism.

Israel launched the first attack of bombing Egypt's Airforce, but Egypt provided a prior causus belli by blocking the Straits of Tiran (an illegal act according to international law).

In the post-World War II era, the formation of the independent nation of Israel was partly dictated by the Holocaust in several ways. For one thing, it displaced nearly countless numbers of Jews from their European homes; at the same time, it put up both physical and moral barriers to any return to those homes by the Jews once the conflict had ended. For another thing, it created a generally sympathetic mind-set toward Jews by large portions of Western populations and leadership. In these ways, the formation of a home-land for the Jews was seen by many as a kind of moral necessity, along with various historical justifications that were also cited for it.

The problem with this question is that it assumes monolithic opinions on both sides. This is not the case. As a result, there are numerous views and perceptions that color all sides.

Typically, Israeli goals are seen to hold to the maintenance of a Jewish State where Jews control the policy and general direction of the country. Secondly, Israel wants to protect the Jewish rights to access and maintenance of Jewish Holy Sites in all areas of the former British Mandate of Palestine. Finally, Israel wants to have secure and peaceful borders.

Typically, Arab goals are seen to hold to the creation of an independent Arab State where Palestinians control the general policy and direction of the country. Arabs also wish, if not for the removal of Israel, for Palestinian refugees to have the Right to Return to Israel. Arabs want unrestricted access to Muslim Holy Sites in all areas of the former British Mandate of Palestine. Finally, the Arabs want East Jerusalem to be the capital of an independent Palestinian State.

Hezbollah sees Israel as a modern colony in the Middle East that became as powerful as it did through land-grabs and violence. As a result, its membership believes that the only way to deal with Israel is through violent means.

It is unclear what is meant by "ended".

In traditional warfare, the fighting stops due to the signing of an armistice. The victors and losers are often named in a treaty that is then written up and signed after the armistice is settled. In several modern conflicts, such as the Arab-Israeli Wars and the Korean War, there have been armistices, but no peace treaty was signed. In the case of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Israel has made peace with Egypt and Jordan in 1979 and 1994 respectively. In those cases the leaders of those countries and the US President at the time (Sadat [EGYPT], Begin [ISRAEL], and Carter [USA]) and (Hussein [JORDAN], Rabin [ISRAEL], and Clinton [USA]) ended the conflict. Syria, Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority, and Hamas maintain armistices with the State of Israel, but have not signed comprehensive peace accords with Israel to the point of ending all conflict. Iraq has not even signed an armistice.

In terms of the armistices ending the Arab-Israeli War of 1948, which were all signed in 1949, they were all coordinated by the United Nations at the behest of both parties signing any particular armistice. The most famous such coordinator was the African-American Ralph Bunche who helped negotiate and draft the Egyptian-Israeli Armistice Agreement of 1949.

No.

In 1947, the United Nations, not the United States, adopted a plan calling for the division of the British Mandate of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab States. The United States supported this Resolution but did not "adopt" it.

1) Around 2600 years ago, the Assyrians forcibly exiled the Ten Israelite tribes to points unknown. A small percentage of each of these tribes is still among us, but most of them were exiled.

2) Around 2500 years ago, the Babylonians destroyed the First Temple and forcibly exiled the remainder of Israel's population to Babylonia.

While the Jews were permitted to return to Israel (Judea) seventy years later, and thousands did so (and rebuilt the Temple), most of them remained in Babylonia, while others began to settle in North Africa, southern Europe, the Crimea, throughout the Near East and elsewhere.

3) In 68 CE, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple. The Romans did not force the Jews out of Judea in a single expulsion. Rather, the Romans expelled them from Jerusalem only; and the rest of Judea lost its Jews slowly, over a period of centuries, as conditions in Judea became too harsh. Even then, we have records of Jewish communities who lived in Judea (Palestine) during the entire period of the last two millenia.

Those Jews who left Judea went to southern Europe, North Africa, Arabia, the Near East, and (slowly) further afield (especially throughout Europe).

None, although Israeli General Moshe Dayan went along on a patrol with the US Army's 1st Air Cavalry Division (in South Vietnam) in either 1966 or 1967.

Unknown, but it is an unlikely scenario as Egypt and Israel buried the hatchet long ago. Previously, Egypt and Israel fought several wars, most notably the Yom Kippur War of 1973 when Egypt carried out a brilliant surprise attack on the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula. Israel eventually drove Egypt back but at a very heavy cost. After Egypt and Israel made peace, the Sinai was ceded back to Egypt and the two countries have not fought since.

arab nationalism and jewish nationalism

Definition
First, we should have an accurate understanding of what Zionism is. Zionism is the belief that Jews should have political self-sovereignty and is the patriotic sentiment behind the Establishment of the State of Israel. It is worth noting that many Anti-Semites claim that Zionism is a code word for some unclear international cabal of evil Jews trying to control the world (or actively doing so). Such a cabal does not exist and insinuations without evidence or with evidence that has proven to be a hoax that it does exist are Anti-Semitic. Aside from this, since such a cabal would not be concerned with Jewish Nationalism, it, therefore, could not be Zionism.

Others argue that Zionism exclusively refers to the current Israeli Right-Wing or Ultra-Nationalists who argue for Israeli annexation of the West Bank and possible expansion outside of territories currently controlled by Israel. Such people are more properly termed Greater Israel Zionism or Right-Wing Zionism. This is contrasted with Left-Wing Zionism, of which Yitzhak Rabin was a major leader and advocate.

Discussion
Equipped with a definition that is actually useful for what Zionism is, we can have a discussion.

Zionism is a nationalist movement, so if wanting a homeland to be free to self-govern is an evil thing, as several post-nationalists believe, then so is Zionism. However, such a person who holds this view should also condemn the modern states of Turkey, Greece, Italy, Germany, Pakistan, Algeria, Armenia, and numerous other nation-states that were built on such ideals. A unique condemnation of Zionism on the question of nationalism is a mask for modern Anti-Semitism. However, in each of these cases, the creation of a national homeland provided a place where the people could determine their own national cultures, identities, languages, foods, and ideals free from the influence of neighboring countries which had conquered or colonized them or expressed strong intentions of doing the same. It allowed them to be free from persecution. A person who believes that every group of people, especially ones as maligned through history as the Jews, deserve the right to govern their own affairs and be responsible for their own defense, must hold that Zionism is part of genuinely good historic of nation-building and global development.

Some people see Zionism as wicked because the Jews took a land where they did not have a significant presence for many years. However, Jews lived in the Land of Israel from at least 1100 B.C.E. until the Roman destruction of the Second Temple in 70 C.E. Almost all Jews were exiled to other countries, known to Jews as the Diaspora. For centuries, Jews prayed for a return to Zion. In the nineteenth century, the Zionist movement, led by Theodor Herzl and Chaim Weizmann, encouraged Jews to turn the dream into reality, and lobbied the international community to understand that a "Jewish national home" was the only solution to Anti-Semitism and the "Jewish problem." The Return of the Jews to Israel would be no different than if the Native American Tribes or the Aboriginal Australians demanded some of the land stolen from them by White Settlers. They were evicted from their home and are demanding a correction to this historical injustice.

Some believe Zionism is evil because of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. What these people neglect to see is that the conflict has nothing to do with Zionism per se and has much more to do with Arab Muslim beliefs about their own right to discriminate from a position of apartheid. Most early Zionists, even Right-Wing Zionists like Jabotinsky actively wanted to integrate Arabs into a Binational Jewish and Arab State. However, it was the Palestinian Arabs (using the term retroactively) who were led by Nazi-Sympathizer and collaborator on the Armenian Genocide Haj Amin al-Husseini who decided that a Judenrein Arab World was desirable. He was responsible for instigating the Nebi Musa Riots of 1920, the Hebron Massacre of 1929, and the Palestinian Civil War of 1937-1939. It was him and his supporters who made it clear that freedom and equality for Jews could only occur in a Jewish State where Arabs would not be able to violently threaten Jewish lives. The Jews were successful in protecting themselves and their children from the violence of the Palestinians and have prevented large-scale persecution (compare this to the promises of the Arabs in 1947 and 1948 that Palestine would be ethnically cleansed of all Jews). This is another benefit which Zionism has conferred.

Zionism has also resulted in a democratic, Western-aligned country in the Middle East. No other movement for self-determination in the Middle East, other than maybe Turkey or Cyprus can boast the same. The provision of human rights in Israel far outstrips any other Middle Eastern country on almost every metric.

However, it is very questionable whether Right-Wing Zionism, which has a more expansionist view, is good since it agitates and provokes more conflict with the Palestinians than may be necessary.

The effects of the report included the recognition of the equal status of legislation passed by Dominion parliaments with British legislation and that the British Parliament would only enact laws applying to a Dominion with the consent of that Dominion's government.

The Jews would disagree with the framing of the question. They did not want to take over part of Palestine's land, but rather they wanted to return to their historic homeland. It would be similar to the Cherokee Nation returning to what is today northeast Georgia and wanting to create a Cherokee Reservation there. The Jews wanted their ancestral land back; it has ruins and symbols of historic Jewish States, not to mention that it has the bulk of Jewish holy sites.

Israel and Palestine have had this conflict for years, mainly due to borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem and resolving Palestinian claims of a right of return for their refugees. Now it has gotten to the point where they are killing each other.

There is an incorrect supposition here, namely that the British created Israel. The British were behind the Balfour Declaration and supported the Mandate for Palestine which entailed the facilitation of the creation of a Jewish State in that area of the world, but the British did not do any of the necessary actions to actually create the State of Israel.

British support for the creation of a Jewish State was rooted in concerns over gaining wealthy Jewish patrons in London to support Britain's engagement in World War I. At that point the British could have cared less about who they promised what to and leave it for after the war to figure out the mess.

In terms of who actually created the State of Israel, it came together as the result of Jewish immigration to the British Mandate of Palestine, Zionist leadership, Jewish militias and political and financial support from the West (primarily Jewish philanthropists). The first group are called the Halutzim or the Pioneers and they took it upon themselves to modernize Israel by cultivating the land and using European technology to improve its output and productivity. The Zionist leadership included some like Theodor Herzl, who envisioned the state, to Eliezer ben Yehuda, who developed Modern Hebrew as a functional language, to David Ben Gurion who declared Israel's independence and sovereignty, among many others. There were numerous Jewish militias defending the Halutzim and attacking the British (and eventually the Arabs when conflict started) such as the Palmach, the Haganah, and the Irgun. Finally, without the monetary contributions from families like the Rothschilds, there would have been no way for the nascent pre-governmental and governmental organizations to acquire enough capital to maintain an internal infrastructure.

The Ancient Hebrews lived in what is now known as the Land of Israel long before there was even an Arabic language, let alone Arabs in Israel. Recent archealogical artifacts have written Hebrew text on a pottery shard dating back to before the 10th century B.C.E. and was unearthed near the coastal region of Israel (near ancient Philishtim boundaries). The earliest known Arabic writing that is authenticated is only 2-3rd century BCE and it is known as 'Old Arabic' (not the Arabic language of today). But these writings were not found in Israel of course, they were found in Saudi Arabia. Arabs are part of an overall group of peoples who fall under the heading of "Semitic". While Jews are also Semitic, they as well as Syrians, Jordanians (Moabites) and Lebanese ARE NOT ARABIC in any way shape or form, aside from a measured level of assimilation with Arabs that resulted in the spread of Islam (recent DNA tests proved that Arabs are not related to the Jews, Moabites, Caananites or other inhabitants of ancient Israel). Arab activity in Israel is not found in any substantial way until after the death of Muhammed in the 7th century C.E. Yet there may have been nomadic traders from the Arabian Peninsula that traded with the Jewish/Hebrew peoples during Roman occupation of Judea/Israel. The Jewish people's presence in Israel pre-dates that of the Arabs by at least 800-1,000 years, but a more accepted time frame is about 1,500 years, considering such a tiny number of nomads visiting trade routes in Israel from the Arabian Peninsula.

There are two ways to read this question: 1) What are the historical circumstances that lead to this conflict? 2) Why are people attempting to resolve these differences with bloodshed?

1) The historical circumstances are very long and complex. The simple version is that Jews were attempting to return to a land (the British Mandate of Palestine) from which they had been exiled 2000 years earlier. In the interim, Arab Palestinians had settled the land. The return of these Jews and their intent to create a Jewish State angered the Arab residents. As a result, there was a conflict of interest: two different groups both wanting to build a nation on the same territory.

2) The Jews believe in their Right to a State with such tenaciousness (like most other peoples) that they will defend it to the death. The Arabs are unwilling to concede the viability of such a Jewish State and how it has dispossessed the Palestinian population and therefore fight to death to reclaim it.

The United Nations designated for there to be a Jewish State in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1947. Israel was declared by its Jewish inhabitant pursuant to the United Nations provision in 1948.