Photosynthesis

chlorophyll in chloroplast allows plants to trap sunlight energy. specialized pigment in chloroplast absorb sunlight and uses this energy to complete the chemical reaction; which is photosynthesis so that plant can manufacture glucose and carbohydrates that they can be stored for later use.

Two waste products of photosynthesis are O2 ( oxygen) and water.

The molecule recycled between the Calvin cycle and the light-dependent reactions is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is produced in the light-dependent reactions and then utilized in the Calvin cycle to provide energy for the synthesis of sugars.

Yes

because there are two photosystems (clusters of chlorophyll) which is where the sunlight is absorbed from, the electrons are energized at both times because sunlight contains photons which are the molecules that energize the electrons in the first place

You can measure the rate of photosynthesis by monitoring the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the sealed box over time. As the plant undergoes photosynthesis, it will produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide, leading to changes in the gas concentrations. By measuring these changes, you can determine the rate of photosynthesis occurring.

All animals use food energy for homeostasis to maintain a stable internal environment. This energy helps regulate body temperature, blood sugar levels, and other physiological processes essential for survival.

The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, while the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. The light reactions capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), which is used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide and produce sugars.

This description fits the characteristics of plants. Plants are complex multicellular organisms that are usually green due to chlorophyll, have cell walls made of cellulose, are stationary, and perform photosynthesis to produce their own food.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar because they are opposite processes, the equations are reverse, both take place in plants, some bacteria/prokaryotes, and algae. They are different because cellular respiration releases energy, takes place in mitochondria, releases carbon dioxide and water, and uses oxygen to release energy from food. Photosynthesis stores energy, takes place in chloroplasts, produces carbon dioxide and water, and releases oxygen into the atmosphere and food (sugar).
• Photosynthesis combines CO2 and H2O, producing glucose and O2
• • Captures about 1% of energy= in variety of organism
  • Anoxygenic without oxygen in purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, green nonsulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria
  • Oxygenic in cyanobacteria, 7 algae groups all land plants= in leaves with chloroplasts
  • Three stages
  • • Capture energy fron sun
    • Use energy to make ATP and reduce NAP+ to NADPH
    • Use ATP and NADPH to power synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 in air
  • First two- light-dependent --> third carbon fixation- with cylic series of reactions as long as have stuff
  • • Light-independent- third in light or not as long as have ATP or NADPH
  • Carbon dioxide + water + light --> glucose + water + oxygen = reverse of respiration
  • Oxidation of H2O and reduction of CO2 requires light

The products of photosynthesis are glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the reactants required for the process of photosynthesis to occur, not byproducts.

It cannot be certain as there is still alot left to learn about plants and their actions. The most supported idea is CHEMICAL KINETIC energy. This is because the chemical produced in photosynthesis is then transported to the other parts of the plants, therefore, CHEMICAL KINETIC energy.

The oxygen is liberated into the atmosphere which doesn't help the roots which are usually in soil or a soil mixture. The roots (specifically, root hairs) need oxygen to survive.

Soil lacking enough air spaces, like highly packed-down soil or clay , will not allow the roots to respire regardless of how much oxygen is being released by the leaves.

Stomata are small pores found on the surface of plant leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange, including the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen and water vapor. They are surrounded by guard cells that control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore to regulate gas exchange and water loss.

The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of sugar molecules comes from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These high-energy molecules provide the necessary energy and reducing power to drive the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules like glucose.

During cellular respiration, the majority of carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct from the breakdown of glucose during the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) and the subsequent steps in the mitochondria. The carbon dioxide is then released as waste through exhalation.

Photosynthesis come from the leaves of a plant. The leaves have a green pigment called chloroplast that traps energy from the sun and chemically changes it into energy for the plants food needs

Oxygen and glucose are the two main products created during photosynthesis. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, while glucose is a sugar molecule used as an energy source for the plant.

In the light reactions of photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a byproduct. Oxygen is not directly involved in the dark reactions (Calvin cycle), which utilize ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions to convert carbon dioxide into sugars.

Plants harness energy for photosynthesis from sunlight, which is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in their cells. This absorbed sunlight drives the process that converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of a plant cell. Chloroplasts possess chlorophyll, which allow them to absorb energy from sunlight and other elements to start the process of photosynthesis.

chloroplast have membrane bound sac like structures piled up on top of each other called thylakoids which have chlorophyll(pigment having "Mg"ion) filled in them, this pigment is primarily responsible for absorption of photons of light

A theoretical model is presented to account for the physical mechanism of energy transfer from antenna molecules to the reaction centers in photosynthesis. The energy transfer is described by a generalized transport equation or "master equation". The solution of this equation for the proposed model gives a relationship between the antennae interaction energy and the transfer rate. The results are shown to be in agreement with inter-antenna transfer rates calculated from experimental fluorescence lifetimes. Previous theories were based either on the Förster mechanism, which is valid for very small interaction energies, or an exciton model valid for very large interactions, but experimental results seemed to indicate that the actual situation was intermediate between these two. The Förster theory and the exciton model are limiting cases of the master equation.

Photosynthesis is a very complex process performed by plants.

Overall, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and the presence of light allows plants to form glucose (or other organic compounds) and release oxygen.

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