Unix

The bash shell is open source. The Korn shell is proprietary and owned by David Korn of Bell labs (and the source is not available).

Also, there are some differences in syntax when using the environment, for example, in the history substitution feature.

Yes, you can, but this is a very dangerous thing to do. Firstly, telnet is an insecure protocol, and anyone with a packet sniffer can find out your root password. Secondly, one should really never log in as the root account; use su or sudo after logging in as an ordinary user using a more secure protocol such as ssh.

There are some settings in some versions of telnet that may prevent root logins, but the standard telnet will allow that.

#!/bin/sh

echo "Please enter the username you want to check: "

read USER

grep $USER /etc/passwd > /tmp/lusertest

sleep 5

if [ -s /tmp/lusertest ]

then echo "User exists"

else echo "User does not exist"

fi

rm /tmp/lusertest

'putty' only allows one window to connect to a system at a time; I don't like that behavior either, but that is the way it was designed.

To get multiple sessions to a Unix server I have to execute multiple occurrences of 'putty'.

To create a symbolic link, use the 'ln' command. If, for example, I wanted to link the file /usr/sbin/mycommand to a symbolic link file in my directory called 'my', the command would be:

ln -s /usr/sbin/mycommand my

Where the -s indicates a symbolic (as opposed to a hard link), and the next field is the target, followed by the link or alias.

Depending on the Unix vendor, there is usually a 'spell' or 'ispell' command available to spell check words in a file.

Depends on the shell you are using. For most shells, the 'set' command will echo all of the local shell variables in your environment. It also sets certain behavioral characteristics, such as turning on inline editing, not allowing ^D, and other settings.

Both platforms are ASCII platforms, but the difference is the line termination character. In Windows, there is a two character sequence to denote the end of the line (CR/LF sequence, 0D0A)

For Unix, the line termination character is the newline character (0A), to denote the end of the text line.

I can at least tell you the VI is the standard editor used on a lot of Unix platforms. However, it is so clunky that the joke is the name is an abbreviation for "Virtually Impossible".

Vi has a steep learning curve and is not obvious to the casual user. For example, Vi has two modes: Insert mode and Command mode. A user starts in command mode by default, and has to type either 'a', 'i' or the insert key to change to insert mode. In insert mode, a user is free to type the document. To go back to command mode, a user should type the [esc] key.

Command mode is very useful for performing operations that are imposible to do in more modern editors. For example, a user could delete x lines of text by typing xdd, where x is the number of lines to delete. Many more shortcuts like these are available in the editor.

To save a document, a vi user would go to Command mode, type :w (for write), :x (x will save the document and exit the application). To quit without saving, a user would type :q (for quit). However, if the document has been modified since it was last opened, Vi will complain. In order to bypass this security feature, type an exclamation point after the command, such as :q!.

Years ago being able to navigate successfully in VI was seen as a kind of badge of honor among programmers, sort of "REAL programmers know how to edit text in VI while wimps use [fill in the blank]". In practice, however, using a slow and difficult tool to perform a straightforward job is really more a mark of stubbornness than of any great ability. There are many other better editors out there. I'm partial to UNI-XEDIT, a clone of IBM's XEDIT editor that provides a full-featured interface and an intuitive scripting language.

However, after a steep learning curve, VI is a very powerful editor.

installing of solaris 10 is not so tough work. on an x86 based system , if you want the GUI then your RAM requirement are minimum of 256 mb and CD pack of solaris CD's or a solaris 10 DVD . then boot the CD-ROM and insert the solaris DVD then select " solaris " in boot menu and next step is select "1" for "interactive installation" then after few minutes a screen comes and select "next" then white window appears . " ENTER " in this window then choose " language option" after that u asked for "hostname" and "password" and after this you have get a screen and press next button . then u asked for " time settings"

and then press " install now" button ur instaaling starts

because its better than windows.

If you are asking about shell usage, just assign the value as follows:

first=5

second=2

first=$second

pipes - nammed and unnammed

When data is cached, it's stored locally for quicker access if what's stored at its origin has not been changed. The most common example of this is browser cache. If you visit a page that updates daily or multiple times a day such as at a news site, it will have to download fully every time it's accessed. If you visit a site that doesn't change anything between visits, then as long as the page's content is still saved in the cache it will load much quicker.

There is no the system file. There are many files necessary to create a working Unix system.

x windows

the unix is a form of group in operating system

Civil litigation can be filed for almost any reason. Therefore the question is not can a suit be filed, but are there sufficient grounds to win the case. The best way to obtain the answer is to discuss the matter with a qualified attorney. Most attorneys offer free or minimal fee consultations to determine if the person has grounds for a valid lawsuit. State bar associations and the American Bar Association offer a free attorney referral service. ABA, http://www.abanet.org

Use "time".

For example instead of using "ls" to get a directory listing, using "time ls" will give the directory listing as well as the time to execute the ls command.

You can execute "ps -ef" and look in the TIME column to see how many minutes and seconds of CPU time each process has used.

A BSD socket is basically an early version of a POSIX socket. It is used to connect a Unix system to the internet.

The vertical bar symbol - |. It is a pipe or redirect. It takes the output of one operation and pipes it to another command or program before outputting. See related link.