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Abstract Algebra

Have you ever wondered what would happen if you redefined some of the basic rules of algebra so that concepts you took for granted, like AB = BA, no longer apply? Abstract algebra does just that through the study of the properties that define algebraic structures. Post all questions about fields, rings, group theory, vector spaces, and the axioms that define them into this category.

1,849 Questions

What is the value of an 1831 dime?

You didn't say how worn the coin is. If it shows considerable wear, it might be worth $25-$30. If somewhat worn, the retail value could be around $45, and if it is almost uncirculated with all detail still sharp and clear, it would be in the $250 to $300 range. Of course these are retail prices. If you sell the coin to a dealer or agency you'll get wholesale, which would of course be less.

What is the value of a 1978 peso?

A common modern coin, often found in dealers' misc. foreign bins for 20 cents or less.

What is value of 1939 Dime?

It's not a rare coin, so it's only worth its silver content. At present, that's around $2.50. If it's per chance in uncirculated condition, then it's worth $5-10 depending on mint mark.

When was algebra invented?

We generally credit Diophantus of Alexandria as laying the groundwork for algebra in the second or third centuries AD. We can't be certain because records from that time are a challenge to find. Use the link to the related question to read a bit on the history of algebra. You'll find that link below.

Kinds of sets?

what are the kinds of sets

In mathematics, any collection of defined things (elements), provided the elements are distinct and that there is a rule to decide whether an element is a member of a set. It is usually denoted by a capital letter and indicated by curly brackets {}.

For example, L may represent the set that consists of all the letters of the alphabet. The symbol Î stands for 'is a member of'; thus p Î L means that p belongs to the set consisting of all letters, and 4 Ï L means that 4 does not belong to the set consisting of all letters.

There are various types of sets. A finite set has a limited number of members, such as the letters of the alphabet; an infinite set has an unlimited number of members, such as all whole numbers; an empty or null set has no members, such as the number of people who have swum across the Atlantic Ocean, written as {} or ø; a single-element set has only one member, such as days of the week beginning with M, written as {Monday}. Equal sets have the same members; for example, if W = {days of the week} and S = {Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday}, it can be said that W = S. Sets with the same number of members are equivalent sets. Sets with some members in common are intersecting sets; for example, if R = {red playing cards} and F = {face cards}, then R and Fshare the members that are red face cards. Sets with no members in common are disjoint sets. Sets contained within others are subsets; for example, V = {vowels} is a subset of L = {letters of the alphabet}.

Sets and their interrelationships are often illustrated by a Venn diagram.

See related link below for more information

What binary operations have closure?

Closure depends on the set as much as it depends on the operation.

For example, subtraction is closed for all integers but not for natural numbers. Division by a non-zero number is closed for the rational numbers but not integers.

The set {1, 2, 3} is not closed under addition.

Value of 1936 dime?

a 1936 dime is called a mercury dime. they aren't rare so they are worth around a dollar

What is the value of a Ruger P97DC?

It depends on if you are getting robbed or not. In this, or a myriad of other circumstances it could be invaluable; so, if you see one in excellent shape for under $200 you should snatch it up. Sadly, as of 2005, this pistol was discontinued by Ruger and replaced with the current P345. They are getting more difficult to find, but as they are so durable they will pop up occasionally on the used market for $300-$400. You don't need a wiki for this, just use google products: http://www.google.com/products?q=P97DC

What is the matrix?

Mathematics: A two dimensional grid of numbers.

Biology: The matrix is a part near the origin of your toe or fingernail where the nail grows from.

Movie: The Matrix is the world that has blinded you from the truth. The Matrix is control.

What is a boolean theorem?

In The Middle Of 19th Century ,an English mathematician George Boole developed rules for manipulations of binary variables, known as Boolean Algebra. This is the basis of all digital systems like computers, calculators etc. 0and 0=0 0 and 1=0 1 and 0=0 1 and 1=1.

He did not develop his Boolean Algebra until he became a professor in Ireland. (Cork I think.)

There is a well developed article in wikipedia.org.

What is the value of a 1944 quarter?

8-10-11>>> It's a common date Washington quarter, most are only valued for the silver, about $7.00 as of today.

Is the distributor rotation on a Oldsmobile 350 rocket clockwise or counterclockwise?

Oldsmobile distributors rotate counter clockwise. Source: Certified Olds nut, olds cutlass owner, former ase master certified tech

Why do bit rate decrease due to distance?

imagine that your connection in an tube of 10M with a 1degree angle

You drop a glass of water in it. That take 10sec.

imagine that your connection in an tube of 100M with 1degree angle,

You drop a glass of water in it. How long the water take to reach the end ?

The data is very comparable to water in drain....

Jean-François Cyr,

What is the value of a Korean 10 bill?

Current exchange rate is 2,000 South Korean Won = 1 British Pound, so a South Korean $10 bill is currently worth about half a British penny or 1 American cent.

What is the value of a ruger 22 pistol model 11-64956?

Is it a revolver or semi-auto? You can go to Ruger's website to look up the serial number.

What is the value of a pre-1965 us dime?

At least $1 for its silver content, but possibly much more. Silver dimes were made for 170 years at 4 mints so you have lots of possibilities.

Please post a new question with its specific date and whether there is a mint mark on the back - S, D, O, or nothing.

Suppose aneq 0. Compute log 2a 2b in terms of a and b.?

Due to the rubbish browser that we are compelled to use, it is not possible to use any super or subscripts so here goes, with things spelled out in detail:

log to base 2a of 2b = log to base a of 2b/log to base a of 2a

= [(log to base a of 2) + (log to base a of b)] / [(log to base a of 2) + (log to base a of a)]

= [(log to base a of 2) + (log to base a of b)] / [(log to base a of 2) + 1]

Is death a concrete noun?

No, the noun 'death' is an abstract noun as a word for a state of not being alive; a word for the permanent end of a life or a thing; a word for the cause of loss of life; a word for a concept.

Suppose x1 x2 x3 xn form a random sample from a population with density function fxy 1y where 0xyy0 where y is unknown parameter let tmaxx1x2xn show that y estimate y1 plus 1n?

This is actual question

SUPPOSE X1 X2 X3, Xn form a random sample from a population with density function f(x,y) = 1/y where 0<x<y,y>0 where y is unknown parameter .let T=max(X1,X2,....Xn) show that Y (estimate) ... Y=(1+1/n) is unbiased estimator of Y?

Which slope is steeper y-2x 4 or y -3x 2?

Unfortunately, the browser used by Answers.com for posting questions is incapable of accepting mathematical symbols. This means that we cannot see the mathematically critical parts of the question. We are, therefore unable to determine what exactly the question is about and so cannot give a proper answer to your question. Please edit your question to include words for symbols and resubmit.

Is a singular matrix an indempotent matrix?

A singular matrix is a matrix that is not invertible. If a matrix is not invertible, then:

• The determinant of the matrix is 0.

• Any matrix multiplied by that matrix doesn't give the identity matrix.

There are a lot of examples in which a singular matrix is an idempotent matrix. For instance:

M =

[1 1]

[0 0]

Take the product of two M's to get the same M, the given!

M x M = M

So yes, SOME singular matrices are idempotent matrices! How? Let's take a 2 by 2 identity matrix for instance.

I =

[1 0]

[0 1]

I x I = I obviously.

Then, that nonsingular matrix is also idempotent!

Hope this helps!