Alexander the Great

Alexander, the conqueror, himself was not a Greek philosopher, but he was one of the best and famous students of a great Greek philosopher, Plato. Alexander's father, King Philip of Macedonia, wanted his son to be tutored by a great teacher and selected Plato for this purpose. Even though Alexander's atrocities the world over cannot be attributed to this great teacher, he certainly did create a great city named Alexandria to celebrate his victories and made the library of this city one of the best in the world in that time, which certainly was a respect to his master.

Alexandria

because Alexander tried to mix the Greek cities and the Hellenistic cites didn't mix and there your answer to your question

alexander's whole name was alex miles jr.

No he killed Cleitus the black

Crimean War

Ä Disastrous defeats at Balaclava and Inkerman against major world powers.

Ä Fortress of Sebastopol had fallen to enemies, Russia's great naval base. Disrupted needed trade through Black Sea. Impediment to economic flourishing. Artery of most flourishing international trade.

Ä Shock and humiliation at revealed military and administrative inefficiency.

Ä Provoked peasant uprisings. Anticipated freedom to be granted.

Ä Technological gap between Russia and West exposed. Inadequate weaponry supply revealed lack of capital. 1 musket for every two soldiers. 4% of infantry owned a rifle. Arms outclassed by British and French.

Ä "Great power" status challenged. Successful empire before. Ineffectiveness of tsarist autocracy. In a region there was greatest hope of expansion. Romanov Dynasty had identified itself with military power. Model of west European nation-state.

Ä Army was to be modernised.

Ä Enlightened intellectuals questioned society's reliance on serf conscripts for army. Modernisation of army necessary - General Dimitrii Milyutin. New way of recruiting soldiers.

Ä Inadequate communication and transport systems. In wartime, supplies and troops could not be transported to front line due to lack of railway system. No railway south of Moscow. Conditions of recruits affected due to malnourishment. 2/3 of men died of starvation or sickness whilst being transported to front line. Could not maintain fighting in long campaign. Ineffective in relation to size of empire - many vulnerable points. Would expand economic potential.

Ä Willingness to prevent another defeat. Needed to improve in the case of a potential major European war. "Party of Progress," a group of liberal civil servants were in agreement.

Ä Economy was to be improved for military success as it entailed heavy expenditure and manufacture of instruments.

Ä Had damaged economy - generated inflation and state debt.

Alexander's own views

Ä Alexander II deemed it as his responsibility to restore Russia's power and prestige as a "great power."

Ä Limited reforms would render the economy more dynamic, satisfying Russians and proving the effectiveness of autocracy so as it would not be undermined.

Ä Taken control of government during father's absences abroad.

Ä Worked for over ten years in Council of State, serving on various committees. Saw problems first-hand.

Ä Visited Siberia, witnessed living conditions there.

Ä Realised serfdom was to be abolished if modernisation was to occur.

Ä Surrounded by "enlightened bureaucrats" who pressed for reform along western lines. Advisers dissatisfied with existing state of affairs.

Ä Wanted reform to come from "above."

Political considerations

Ä Nicolas I had maintained reactionary, authoritarian regime and could not prevent surfacing of new political and social thought, breeding disloyalty to government. Would only be crippled under threat. Becoming difficult to maintain high degree of vigilance.

Ä Peasant uprisings increased - protests against military conscription.

Ä Social stability threatened - 300 uprisings in upcoming years to Crimean War.

Ä Autocracy depended on nobles whom weren't being aided sufficiently. Falling incomes, dependent on serfs - no motivation for own work, business ventures.

Economic considerations

Ä Need to bridge industrial gap with the West - reassert great power status.

Ä Serfdom was a key impediment to industrialisation - prevented mobilisation to factories, limited capital accumulation, kept internal market demand low, hindered development of modern methods of agriculture, as there was little incentive for serfs to modernise methods due to profits being seized, farming remained inefficient, more productive in Siberia where there was paid work.

Ä Population had doubled - difficult to produce enough for peasants and surplus for landowners. Productivity levels remained the same - supply crisis for vast population.

Ä Bouts of famine as peasants had to hand over grain at harvest time.

Ä Landowning nobility fell into debt as they tried maintaining traditional lifestyles on reduced incomes.

Ä Grain less profitable due to competition of Western countries - more efficient production methods.

Ä Took mortgages on estates. By 1859, 66% of serfs had been mortgaged. Peasants unable to pay obrok and Poll Tax. By 1855, government had debt of 54 million roubles.

Moral and intellectual considerations

Ä Alexander Herzen and Ivan Turgenev, members of the intelligentsia, promoted modernisation of Russia in literature. Stressed immorality of serfdom - detrimental to moral fibre of upper classes.

Ä In 1862 Turgenev popularised the term "Nihilist" in Fathers and Sons. Addressed problems of contemporary Russian society.

Ä Turgenev's novel A Sportsman's Sketches published in 1852 helped influence educated Russian opinion in favour of the abolition of serfdom.

Ä Westerners believed upholding of tradition was deterring the nation's growth and modernisation in the wake of Western countries. "Civilise" society.

His story provides us with interesting history and legendary tales. Otherwise he has had negligible influence. The world has changed dramatically since his demise over 2000 years ago, the product of many influences from many people and peoples.

By kidney cancer

He was attempting to impose Greek culture in his empire as he thought it superior.

I believe he did the same as the Roman conquerors--the conquered people were assimilated into their society. Shortly, Persian people were marrying Greeks, etc. Alexander's armies left trusted politicians and army leaders, army units, and of course the families of the soldiers who trailed along with them to the place recently conquered. While I am sure many people were killed, maimed, and/or injured by the Persian armies, the surviving people tried to learn the Persian language and societal rules, if they wanted to get anywhere in Persian courts and high circles.

Greece

The Macedonian and Greek aristocracy maintained Greek culture, the rest of the populaces of the kingdoms, established by Alexander's generals after his death, continued their own cultures. We call the kingdoms Hellenistic (like Greek) rather then Hellenic (Greek) because of this.

Although a Macedonian, he was raised in Greek culture under the tutorship of Aristotle.

Marching armies need to be supplied. Quite often they cannot depend simply on foraging for food as they moved along in ancient times. Alexander the Great was a great military leader who conquered much of the known western world in his time. One way he did this was through a better system of logistics, or better said a way to keep his army supplied as he marched from victory to victory. Alexander, a Macedonian, not a Greek, discarded the well known method of having animals loaded with army supplies. The idea was that any transport animal can pull more than it can carry on its back. The problem of pulling wagons of supplies lay with the harness used to connect the animal with the supply cart. Alexander's father was the first pioneer in Alexander's time. He reduced the logistics of the ancient Greeks by reducing the numbers of servants that marched along with each soldier. The Greeks had servants carry armor and weapons. This was changed by having the soldier carry much of his own supplies and it eliminated the numbers of servants, who slowed an army down.

In consideration of the aforementioned pack animals, the problem with the harness was that it impeded the lungs of the animal, plus over rough terrain, the wagons slowed everything down. Instead, Alexander had the animals carry supplies on their backs and thus were able to keep up with the marching soldiers. Alexander also made note of the superiority of the horse over the oxen. Oxen were great "strength " animals but were "temperamental" in nature. THe horse was more willing to "follow" instructions, so to speak,. Plus horses had more endurance. The bottom line was that minus the extra servants and minus the oxen, the marching soldier with a good horse simply moved along faster. Speed is an essential element in armies. Alexander made his forces move faster and their speed overcame the enemies he faced.

Through stories passed down in his homeland Macedonia and the rest of Greece and through the countries he influenced and impacted with his Hellenic (Greek) culture and to the countries they in turn influenced with Hellenic civilization.

Cassander murdered 13 yr king and his mother by getting Glaucias to poison them.

that it

It was Alexander the Great. He conquered the Achaemenidenid (Persian) Empire, which was the biggest empire antiquity ever had. It covered Turkey, Armenia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan up to the river Indus, Tajikistan, Kirghistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, part of Kazakhstan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine Jordan and Egypt. Alexander died a few years after his conquests. These were divided into the kingdom of Pergamon in western Turkey, the Ptolemaic kingdom in Egypt and the Seleucid Empire, which covered the rest. These kingdoms were ruled by Greeks and have been called Hellenistic states by Historians. This started the Hellenistic period, which was a period in which the Middle East became influenced by Greek culture. The term Hellenistic is derived from Hellas, the Greek name for Greece.

to spread greek culture and civilization.(hellenistic culture)

'He conquered all of Greece and Sparta when his father died and he was left in charge of hid kingdom.'

^^ Was the first answer. Which is, without meaning to be to rude, incorrect in so many ways.

Ancient Greece was not a country in the modern sense, it was a loose collection of city-states, of which Sparta is not separate. Sparta is only one of these states, although a prominent one; along with Athens, Thebes, Macedonia and Corinth.

Phillip II King of Macedon (Alexander's father) Was the main driving force in gaining Alexander's control of 'Greece'. He interceded (on the side of Thebes) in the 'Sacred War' declared by the "Oracle at Delphi". After winning this War he became the head of the Council in Thessaly, giving him great political power. After Philip II was assassinated Alexander took control of Macedon although he lost control of Thessaly and the alliance with Thebes and Athens. These two states rose up in arms against the "boy king" and blocked the two passes into Boeotia.

Alexander then called upon his engineers from the mines to cut a passageway along the seaward facing side of the mountain range and then manoeuvred his shocktroops (known as 'shieldsmen') behind the armies camped in the pass, forcing them to surrender (due to being surrounded) at which point he took control of the Council like his father. He then went on to establish the "pan-Hellenic" league at Corinth of which he was voted "First-Commander". All of the Greek states joined this league which was his plan to invade Anatolia (and then much of Asia) to free the Greeks there from Persian oppression. Sparta never joined this league (unlike the first answer claims) and remained neutral.

The common answer is 'nobody', however there is a question mark over why, after allegedly defeating King Porus of Paurava, he gave his kingdom back back to him, conquered more land and gave it to him, and gave him the land of his own local ally King Taxiles of Taxila. It would seem that the Battle o Hydaspes was a best a draw, if not a defeat for Alexander, and the terms of settlement were that Alexander deliver land and service to Porus before being permitted to move on.

it is only one. the culture of macedonians that spread to india. shich was actually part of the great ancient greek culture.

he spread the martial education, the language, the arts, the philosophy, the sciences that were used by the greeks.

It shows that he is brave and he was willing to try new things. That would be needed in a king, or else no changes would be made to the country. It also shows how he is independent and isn't afraid to voice his opinion. That also is a good quality for a king or general.

Sasha

It was popularized as a personal name by the ancient Macedonian leader Alexander the Great. In the course of conquering much of the known world, from Egypt to India, Alexander also gave his name to numerous cities.

Alexander lived nearly 900 years after the legendary demolition of Troy.