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Ancient China

China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The first historical records of Ancient China start around 2100 BCE. The period of Ancient China ends with the overthrow of the last dynasty in 1911 when the modern Republic of China was formed. This is the place for questions about all of Ancient China’s innovations in social organization, culture, literature, philosophy, politics and everyday living.

500 Questions

Did Ancient China collapse?

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Ancient China went through several dynastic cycles that included periods of collapse and fragmentation. The most notable collapse happened during the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD) when the Han Dynasty fragmented into three rival states. However, China would later reunify and establish new dynasties, marking a continuous political and cultural continuity.

How were major decisions made in ancient China?

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Major decisions in ancient China were typically made by the emperor, who held absolute authority. The emperor would consult with his advisors, scholars, and officials to gather different perspectives on the issue at hand. However, the final decision rested with the emperor, who would take into consideration various factors such as Confucian principles, historical precedents, state interests, and the advice of trusted individuals.

What leader united ancient China?

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The leader who united ancient China was Emperor Qin Shi Huang. He was the founder of the Qin Dynasty and is best known for building the Great Wall of China and for his role in standardizing various aspects of Chinese civilization, including language, currency, and weights and measures. He ruled from 221 BC until his death in 210 BC.

Clothing ancient China?

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Ancient Chinese clothing varied depending on social status and gender. The Hanfu was the traditional dress worn during the Han Dynasty, characterized by its loose, flowing robes. In contrast, the qipao or cheongsam became popular during the Qing Dynasty and is a more form-fitting dress with a high collar. Various accessories like hats, shoes, and hairstyles were also important elements of ancient Chinese clothing.

How do you spell ancient China in in Chinese?

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Ancient China in Chinese is spelled 古代中国 (gǔdài zhōngguó).

What did boys do in ancient China?

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Boys in ancient China primarily focused on education and preparing for future careers. They would often attend school to learn literature, history, and philosophy. Physical activities such as martial arts and archery were also taught to boys as a means of developing discipline and strength. Additionally, boys were expected to help with family chores and support their parents as they grew older.

How are matches made?

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NCAA matches generally consist of a best out of 5 set match while high school volleyball is generally played to a best of 3 set match. The sets are played to 25 points without a point cap and the team must win by 2

What gods and goddesses did the people of ancient china believe in?

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AAo

Descriptio: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy nparades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.

Ch'ang-o

Other Names: Heng-o.

Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.

Ch'eng-Huang

Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.

Rules Over: Protection, justice.

Chih-Nii

Other Names: Chih Nu

Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.

Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.

Ch'in-Shu-Pao

Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.

Rules Over: Protection, privacy.

Chuang-Mu

Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.

Rules Over: Sex.

Chu-Jung

Description: God of fire and executions.

Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.

Erh-Lang

Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.

Rules Over: Protection from evil.

Feng-Po-Po

Description: Goddess of winds.

Rules Over: Storms, moisture.

Fu-Hsi

Other Names: Fu-Hsing.

Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.

Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.

Hou-Chi

Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.

Rules Over: Harvest, crops.

Hsi Wang Mu

Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.

Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.

Rules Over: Curing disease.

Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti

Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.

Rules Over: Exorcism.

Hu-Tu

Other Names: Hou-T'u

Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.

Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.

I-Ti

Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.

Rules Over: Wine.

Kuan Ti

Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.

Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.

Kuan Yin

Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.

Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.

Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.

K'uei-Hsing

Other Names: Chung-Kuei.

Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.

Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.

Lan Ts'ai-Ho

Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.

Rules Over: Music, fertility.

Lao-Tien-Yeh

Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."

Lei-King

Other Names: Lei-Kung.

Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.

Rules Over: Justice, punishment.

Lo Shen

Description: Goddess of rivers.

Rules Over: Water magick.

Lu-Hsing

Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.

Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.

Lu-Pan

Other Names: Lupan.

Description: God of carpenters and masons.

Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.

Ma-Ku

Description: Goddess of springtime.

Rules Over: Spring rites.

Men Shen

Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.

Rules Over: Protection.

Meng-Po Niang Niang

Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.

Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.

Nu Kua

Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.

Rules Over: Creation.

Pa

Description: Goddess of droughts.

Rules Over: Droughts.

P'an-Chin-Lien

Description: Goddess of prostitutes.

Rules Over: Prostitution.

Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin

Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.

Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.

Sao-Ts'ing Niang

Description: Goddess of the clouds.

Rules Over: Ending droughts.

Shaka-Nyorai

Other Names: Sakyamuni.

Description: Historical Buddha.

Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.

Shang-Ti

Description: The Supreme God.

Shen Nung

Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Shou-Hsing

Other Names: Shou, Lao.

Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.

Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.

Shui-Khan

Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.

Rules Over: Averting evil.

T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti

Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.

Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.

Tien-Hou

Other Names: Tien Fei.

Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.

Rules Over: Protection.

T'ien-Khuan

Description: God who bestows happiness.

Rules Over: Happiness.

Tien-Mu

Description: Goddess of lightning.

Rules Over: Lightning.

Ti-Khuan

Description: God who grants remission of sins.

Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa

Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.

Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.

Tou-Mou

Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.

Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.

Tsai Shen

Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen

Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.

Rules Over: Abundance, success.

Tsao-Wang

Other Names: Tsao-Chun.

Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.

Tsi-Ku

Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.

Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.

Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.

Twen-Ch'ang

Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of literature and poetry.

Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.

Yao-Shih

Description: "Master of healing."

Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.

Yeng-Wang-Yeh

Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.

Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.o

Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.

Ch'ang-o

Other Names: Heng-o.

Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.

Ch'eng-Huang

Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.

Rules Over: Protection, justice.

Chih-Nii

Other Names: Chih Nu

Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.

Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.

Ch'in-Shu-Pao

Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.

Rules Over: Protection, privacy.

Chuang-Mu

Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.

Rules Over: Sex.

Chu-Jung

Description: God of fire and executions.

Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.

Erh-Lang

Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.

Rules Over: Protection from evil.

Feng-Po-Po

Description: Goddess of winds.

Rules Over: Storms, moisture.

Fu-Hsi

Other Names: Fu-Hsing.

Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.

Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.

Hou-Chi

Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.

Rules Over: Harvest, crops.

Hsi Wang Mu

Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.

Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.

Rules Over: Curing disease.

Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti

Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.

Rules Over: Exorcism.

Hu-Tu

Other Names: Hou-T'u

Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.

Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.

I-Ti

Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.

Rules Over: Wine.

Kuan Ti

Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.

Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.

Kuan Yin

Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.

Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.

Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.

K'uei-Hsing

Other Names: Chung-Kuei.

Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.

Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.

Lan Ts'ai-Ho

Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.

Rules Over: Music, fertility.

Lao-Tien-Yeh

Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."

Lei-King

Other Names: Lei-Kung.

Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.

Rules Over: Justice, punishment.

Lo Shen

Description: Goddess of rivers.

Rules Over: Water magick.

Lu-Hsing

Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.

Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.

Lu-Pan

Other Names: Lupan.

Description: God of carpenters and masons.

Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.

Ma-Ku

Description: Goddess of springtime.

Rules Over: Spring rites.

Men Shen

Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.

Rules Over: Protection.

Meng-Po Niang Niang

Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.

Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.

Nu Kua

Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.

Rules Over: Creation.

Pa

Description: Goddess of droughts.

Rules Over: Droughts.

P'an-Chin-Lien

Description: Goddess of prostitutes.

Rules Over: Prostitution.

Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin

Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.

Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.

Sao-Ts'ing Niang

Description: Goddess of the clouds.

Rules Over: Ending droughts.

Shaka-Nyorai

Other Names: Sakyamuni.

Description: Historical Buddha.

Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.

Shang-Ti

Description: The Supreme God.

Shen Nung

Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Shou-Hsing

Other Names: Shou, Lao.

Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.

Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.

Shui-Khan

Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.

Rules Over: Averting evil.

T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti

Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.

Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.

Tien-Hou

Other Names: Tien Fei.

Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.

Rules Over: Protection.

T'ien-Khuan

Description: God who bestows happiness.

Rules Over: Happiness.

Tien-Mu

Description: Goddess of lightning.

Rules Over: Lightning.

Ti-Khuan

Description: God who grants remission of sins.

Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa

Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.

Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.

Tou-Mou

Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.

Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.

Tsai Shen

Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen

Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.

Rules Over: Abundance, success.

Tsao-Wang

Other Names: Tsao-Chun.

Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.

Tsi-Ku

Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.

Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.

Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.

Twen-Ch'ang

Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of literature and poetry.

Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.

Yao-Shih

Description: "Master of healing."

Rules Over: PsychiAo

Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.

Ch'ang-o

Other Names: Heng-o.

Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.

Ch'eng-Huang

Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.

Rules Over: Protection, justice.

Chih-Nii

Other Names: Chih Nu

Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.

Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.

Ch'in-Shu-Pao

Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.

Rules Over: Protection, privacy.

Chuang-Mu

Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.

Rules Over: Sex.

Chu-Jung

Description: God of fire and executions.

Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.

Erh-Lang

Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.

Rules Over: Protection from evil.

Feng-Po-Po

Description: Goddess of winds.

Rules Over: Storms, moisture.

Fu-Hsi

Other Names: Fu-Hsing.

Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.

Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.

Hou-Chi

Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.

Rules Over: Harvest, crops.

Hsi Wang Mu

Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.

Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.

Rules Over: Curing disease.

Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti

Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.

Rules Over: Exorcism.

Hu-Tu

Other Names: Hou-T'u

Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.

Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.

I-Ti

Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.

Rules Over: Wine.

Kuan Ti

Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.

Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.

Kuan Yin

Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.

Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.

Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.

K'uei-Hsing

Other Names: Chung-Kuei.

Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.

Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.

Lan Ts'ai-Ho

Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.

Rules Over: Music, fertility.

Lao-Tien-Yeh

Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."

Lei-King

Other Names: Lei-Kung.

Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.

Rules Over: Justice, punishment.

Lo Shen

Description: Goddess of rivers.

Rules Over: Water magick.

Lu-Hsing

Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.

Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.

Lu-Pan

Other Names: Lupan.

Description: God of carpenters and masons.

Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.

Ma-Ku

Description: Goddess of springtime.

Rules Over: Spring rites.

Men Shen

Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.

Rules Over: Protection.

Meng-Po Niang Niang

Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.

Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.

Nu Kua

Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.

Rules Over: Creation.

Pa

Description: Goddess of droughts.

Rules Over: Droughts.

P'an-Chin-Lien

Description: Goddess of prostitutes.

Rules Over: Prostitution.

Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin

Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.

Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.

Sao-Ts'ing Niang

Description: Goddess of the clouds.

Rules Over: Ending droughts.

Shaka-Nyorai

Other Names: Sakyamuni.

Description: Historical Buddha.

Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.

Shang-Ti

Description: The Supreme God.

Shen Nung

Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Shou-Hsing

Other Names: Shou, Lao.

Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.

Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.

Shui-Khan

Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.

Rules Over: Averting evil.

T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti

Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.

Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.

Tien-Hou

Other Names: Tien Fei.

Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.

Rules Over: Protection.

T'ien-Khuan

Description: God who bestows happiness.

Rules Over: Happiness.

Tien-Mu

Description: Goddess of lightning.

Rules Over: Lightning.

Ti-Khuan

Description: God who grants remission of sins.

Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa

Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.

Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.

Tou-Mou

Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.

Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.

Tsai Shen

Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen

Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.

Rules Over: Abundance, success.

Tsao-Wang

Other Names: Tsao-Chun.

Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.

Tsi-Ku

Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.

Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.

Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.

Twen-Ch'ang

Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of literature and poetry.

Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.

Yao-Shih

Description: "Master of healing."

Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.

Yeng-Wang-Yeh

Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a spAo

Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.

Ch'ang-o

Other Names: Heng-o.

Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.

Ch'eng-Huang

Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.

Rules Over: Protection, justice.

Chih-Nii

Other Names: Chih Nu

Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.

Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.

Ch'in-Shu-Pao

Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.

Rules Over: Protection, privacy.

Chuang-Mu

Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.

Rules Over: Sex.

Chu-Jung

Description: God of fire and executions.

Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.

Erh-Lang

Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.

Rules Over: Protection from evil.

Feng-Po-Po

Description: Goddess of winds.

Rules Over: Storms, moisture.

Fu-Hsi

Other Names: Fu-Hsing.

Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.

Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.

Hou-Chi

Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.

Rules Over: Harvest, crops.

Hsi Wang Mu

Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.

Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.

Rules Over: Curing disease.

Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti

Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.

Rules Over: Exorcism.

Hu-Tu

Other Names: Hou-T'u

Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.

Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.

I-Ti

Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.

Rules Over: Wine.

Kuan Ti

Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.

Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.

Kuan Yin

Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.

Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.

Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.

K'uei-Hsing

Other Names: Chung-Kuei.

Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.

Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.

Lan Ts'ai-Ho

Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.

Rules Over: Music, fertility.

Lao-Tien-Yeh

Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."

Lei-King

Other Names: Lei-Kung.

Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.

Rules Over: Justice, punishment.

Lo Shen

Description: Goddess of rivers.

Rules Over: Water magick.

Lu-Hsing

Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.

Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.

Lu-Pan

Other Names: Lupan.

Description: God of carpenters and masons.

Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.

Ma-Ku

Description: Goddess of springtime.

Rules Over: Spring rites.

Men Shen

Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.

Rules Over: Protection.

Meng-Po Niang Niang

Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.

Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.

Nu Kua

Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.

Rules Over: Creation.

Pa

Description: Goddess of droughts.

Rules Over: Droughts.

P'an-Chin-Lien

Description: Goddess of prostitutes.

Rules Over: Prostitution.

Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin

Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.

Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.

Sao-Ts'ing Niang

Description: Goddess of the clouds.

Rules Over: Ending droughts.

Shaka-Nyorai

Other Names: Sakyamuni.

Description: Historical Buddha.

Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.

Shang-Ti

Description: The Supreme God.

Shen Nung

Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Shou-Hsing

Other Names: Shou, Lao.

Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.

Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.

Shui-Khan

Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.

Rules Over: Averting evil.

T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti

Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.

Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.

Tien-Hou

Other Names: Tien Fei.

Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.

Rules Over: Protection.

T'ien-Khuan

Description: God who bestows happiness.

Rules Over: Happiness.

Tien-Mu

Description: Goddess of lightning.

Rules Over: Lightning.

Ti-Khuan

Description: God who grants remission of sins.

Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa

Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.

Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.

Tou-Mou

Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.

Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.

Tsai Shen

Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen

Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.

Rules Over: Abundance, success.

Tsao-Wang

Other Names: Tsao-Chun.

Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.

Tsi-Ku

Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.

Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.

Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.

Twen-Ch'ang

Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of literature and poetry.

Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.

Yao-Shih

Description: "Master of healing."

Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.

Yeng-Wang-Yeh

Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.

Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.ecial court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.

Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.c abilities, healing powers.

Yeng-Wang-Yeh Ao

Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.

Ch'ang-o

Other Names: Heng-o.

Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.

Ch'eng-Huang

Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.

Rules Over: Protection, justice.

Chih-Nii

Other Names: Chih Nu

Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.

Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.

Ch'in-Shu-Pao

Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.

Rules Over: Protection, privacy.

Chuang-Mu

Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.

Rules Over: Sex.

Chu-Jung

Description: God of fire and executions.

Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.

Erh-Lang

Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.

Rules Over: Protection from evil.

Feng-Po-Po

Description: Goddess of winds.

Rules Over: Storms, moisture.

Fu-Hsi

Other Names: Fu-Hsing.

Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.

Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.

Hou-Chi

Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.

Rules Over: Harvest, crops.

Hsi Wang Mu

Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.

Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.

Rules Over: Curing disease.

Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti

Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.

Rules Over: Exorcism.

Hu-Tu

Other Names: Hou-T'u

Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.

Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.

I-Ti

Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.

Rules Over: Wine.

Kuan Ti

Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.

Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.

Kuan Yin

Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.

Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.

Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.

K'uei-Hsing

Other Names: Chung-Kuei.

Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.

Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.

Lan Ts'ai-Ho

Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.

Rules Over: Music, fertility.

Lao-Tien-Yeh

Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."

Lei-King

Other Names: Lei-Kung.

Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.

Rules Over: Justice, punishment.

Lo Shen

Description: Goddess of rivers.

Rules Over: Water magick.

Lu-Hsing

Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.

Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.

Lu-Pan

Other Names: Lupan.

Description: God of carpenters and masons.

Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.

Ma-Ku

Description: Goddess of springtime.

Rules Over: Spring rites.

Men Shen

Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.

Rules Over: Protection.

Meng-Po Niang Niang

Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.

Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.

Nu Kua

Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.

Rules Over: Creation.

Pa

Description: Goddess of droughts.

Rules Over: Droughts.

P'an-Chin-Lien

Description: Goddess of prostitutes.

Rules Over: Prostitution.

Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin

Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.

Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.

Sao-Ts'ing Niang

Description: Goddess of the clouds.

Rules Over: Ending droughts.

Shaka-Nyorai

Other Names: Sakyamuni.

Description: Historical Buddha.

Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.

Shang-Ti

Description: The Supreme God.

Shen Nung

Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.

Shou-Hsing

Other Names: Shou, Lao.

Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.

Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.

Shui-Khan

Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.

Rules Over: Averting evil.

T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti

Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.

Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.

Tien-Hou

Other Names: Tien Fei.

Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.

Rules Over: Protection.

T'ien-Khuan

Description: God who bestows happiness.

Rules Over: Happiness.

Tien-Mu

Description: Goddess of lightning.

Rules Over: Lightning.

Ti-Khuan

Description: God who grants remission of sins.

Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa

Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.

Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.

Tou-Mou

Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.

Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.

Tsai Shen

Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen

Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.

Rules Over: Abundance, success.

Tsao-Wang

Other Names: Tsao-Chun.

Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.

Tsi-Ku

Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.

Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.

Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.

Twen-Ch'ang

Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.

Description: God of literature and poetry.

Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.

Yao-Shih

Description: "Master of healing."

Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.

Yeng-Wang-Yeh

Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.

Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.

Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.

Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.

A geographical feature of ancient China?

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Gobi Desert, Himalayas, The Great Wall, Takla Makan Desert, Huang River, Yangtze River and the Pacific Ocean.

Compare the Shang system of government with that of the Pharaoh's government in Egypt?

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Shang system of government is who invented a very sophisticated writing system. Pharaohs government in Egypt is the most powerful person in ancient Egypt.

How long was the Silk Route of Ancient China?

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4 months because it is far away

What invention helped make literature more available and more popular in ancient China?

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The Chinese invented both paper and the technique for book-binding.

What are the roles of Chinese men?

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Same as everywhere.

Head of the household(But the wife holds all the power hehehe) and can be expected to be the breadwinner of the family

When was the ancient Chinese parachute invented?

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The chienise parachute was invented in 1789 bu chang li su i think anyway

What can legends tell us about the ancient chinese?

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Becuase it helps us understand about htheir religons and what they believed in. it also helps because they are about their way of life and talk some about their culture and hsitory.

What did slaves in Ancient China eat?

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dog meat ,people ,houses, cocroaches

How did the ancient Chinese represent there gods?

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Chinese people tended to worship their surroundings and find peace with nature rather than worship gods. They also focused on worshiping their ancestors.

How big was ancient china?

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In different dynasties, the size was different. You can check on ancient map.

How was the ancient Chinese number system used?

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For the same reasons why we need numbers today.