Art History

American popular culture is represented by the memes, attitudes, images and other ideas and media that reflects mainstream culture. These ideas permeate daily life and in the 21st century is heavily influenced by mass media. Popular culture changes constantly and is unique to place and time.

It is usually agreed that the first Pop Art painting was painted by Richard Hamilton, England, in 1956.

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Surrealism is meant to be and artistic representation of the unconscious mind and is a response to the Dada movement. Sigmund Freud's work with free association and dream analysis was a heavy inspiration. Surrealists also often aligned themselves with communism and anarchism.

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Pop-Art was an art movement in the United States and Britain in the 1950s and 1960s, and as such, there was not one specific Pop-Artist. Pop-Art also encompassed a range of media from painting, to collage, to sculpture, etc. Some famous Pop-Artists were:

Andy Warhol

Jasper Johns

Claes Oldenburg

Roy Lichtenstein

Richard Hamilton

Robert Rauschenberg

George Segal

Romaticism in literature and the arts in Germany had its heyday from about 1795-1830 or slightly later and continued in a rather trite form for several decades. Please note that by no means all works produced in this period were Romantic. Germany also had a very strong pre-Romantic movement in literature in particular.

Some form of oil painting was used for the first time to create Buddhist paintings in India and China, but the technique didn't really become popular until after the 15th Century, even becoming the most popular painting technique during the later Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

German expressionism started right before World War I, when Germany was in a state of isolation, so German creativity during that time was acted out essentially in a vacuum. Some of the great German expressionist films to come out of that era were "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari," "Nosferatu," and "The Last Laugh."

Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933.

The well known cave paintings are in Lascaux, France.

Pop Art takes its name from 'popular' and 'populist', a reference to the way the 'movement' appealed to a wider base of people than earlier genres, which had usually been elitist. It's infancy was in the early days of music which had already been branded Pop, so the name sprang readily to the mind when it first appeared.

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People have been drawing since prehistoric times. The oldest would be found in the Caves of El Castillo in Spain, which are around 40,000 years old, while the most well known early drawings are in the caves of Lascaux in France, which are about 17,300 years old.

The Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting oudoors. Painting realistic scenes of modern life, they portrayed overall visual effects instead of details. They used short "broken" brush strokes of mixed and pure unmixed colour, not smoothly blended or shaded, as was customary, in order to achieve the effect of intense colour vibration.

The most major contribution of the Impressionists is the choice of subject matter. Before, a painting was 'supposed to be' of a grand theme, the Impressionists began to paint every day scenes of everyday people, peasants at work, people eating a meal and so on. The addition of painting outside and looking at what light was doing to a scene was also a very radical change. The accepted painters of the era were painting in the studio.

A cubist is someone who draws stuff as right angles instead of as it really is. Or, more technically, a cubist graphically represents non-square objects as though they were composed of right angles. Cubism paintings are paintings which are broken up, analyzed and put together in an abstract way - Instead of drawing the picture from one angle, the artist draws the picture from loads of different views to show the object in greater detail.

There are cave paintings in France which may be 30 000 years old.

The surrealism art movement roughly began around 1917 and showed more signs of slowing down around 1950. The surrealism art movement is defined by art with visuals that felt very dream like in it's nature.

Art made using standard mediums like paint and canvas. I would call unconventional art, art using unusual mediums like the person that uses Lego's to create some really interesting sculptures.

Realism generally refers specifically to painting and the attempt at rendering the images therein with as much visual accuracy as possible, where as Surrealism properly refers to a movement of artists who wanted to merge Freud's theories on the subconscious with Marxist dialectical materialism. In general parlance however he latter has come to mean any situation (especially visual situations) in which unrelated elements are casually juxtaposed to a shocking or ambiguous effect.

It began in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916, spreading to Berlin shortly thereafter.

when he was born oviousley

They moved religious messages into the background.

Johannes Vermeer used glazing and under painting in order to create realistic light.

-David Neoclassicism

-Goya Romanticism

-Courbet Realism

-Monet Impressionism

-Gauguin Post-Impressionism