Biotechnology

Factors that do not stimulate the opening of stomata include low light intensity, high levels of carbon dioxide, and water stress. These conditions typically result in stomatal closure to prevent excessive water loss by transpiration and maintain plant water balance.

The purpose of a hydrolysis test is to determine an organism's ability to break down certain compounds such as starch or gelatin using specific enzymes. This test is commonly used in microbiology to differentiate between different species of bacteria based on their enzymatic capabilities.

A protein marker is a mixture of proteins of known sizes that is run alongside unknown samples in electrophoresis. It is used as a reference to help estimate the size of the unknown proteins based on their migration pattern in the gel. This allows researchers to determine the size of proteins in their samples and compare them to standards.

A spruceis a tree of the genus Picea(a genus of about 35 species of conferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal(taiga)regions of the earth

The cutoff for bio-tech can vary depending on the specific university or program. Generally, competition for bio-tech programs can be high, so it is advisable to aim for a strong academic record, relevant experience, and good test scores to increase your chances of meeting the cutoff. It's recommended to check the specific requirements of the program you are interested in to know the cutoff score.

A micropipette measures and transfer small volumes of liquid in the microliter (μL) or milliliter (mL) range with high accuracy and precision. It is commonly used in biological and chemical laboratories for tasks such as measuring out reagents, samples, or standards for analysis.

Gravitational force depends on the masses of both objects and the distance between them. The formula is Gravitational Force = 6.67428 * 10^-11 * Mass of First Object * Mass of Second Object / Distance^2.

No, in the genetic code, each three-nucleotide sequence (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid, and it is specific and unambiguous. GGG will always encode for proline and cannot code for any other amino acid.

Allele mining is the finding of superior allele from the natural population. As in case of saffron, it required lots of saffron. the main basic concept for allele mining we required a lots of population. But crop like saffron and other clonally propagated crops this technology fails because there is no cross pollination and or self pollination nature. So far development of population is concerned, induced mutation is the way by which we make variability within this crops.

Palindromic restriction enzyme sites are advantageous because they read the same on both strands of DNA, making them easier to identify and use for cutting DNA at specific sequences. This symmetrical nature ensures that the enzyme can cleave at a particular site regardless of the orientation of the DNA fragment.

I take it you're referring to the phenotype. Say a trait, like flower colour, is influenced by a single gene. The plant will possess two copies of the gene, one from each parent, but only one colour is expressed. Let's say that red is dominant and white is recessive. A plant containing 2 red alleles (homozygous for the dominant allele) will be red. A plant containing 2 copies of the white allele (Homozygous recessive) will be white and heterozygous plant, containing a single copy of both alleles will be red. There is no heterozygous recessive because the dominant allele will determine the phenotype.

Yeast will produce the most CO2 in the presence of glucose because it can readily and efficiently ferment glucose to produce CO2 and ethanol. Glucose is a simple sugar that can be easily broken down by the yeast for energy through fermentation. Sucrose and starch need to be broken down into glucose before yeast can ferment them, which can slow down the production of CO2.

Electrons enter an electrochemical cell through the anode. The anode is where oxidation occurs, leading to the release of electrons that flow through the external circuit to the cathode.

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) proteins act as a fingerprint of the cell by presenting peptide fragments on the cell surface for immune system recognition. This enables the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self cells, helping to prevent an immune response against the body's own cells.

The nucleus within a cell contains DNA, which serves as the instruction manual for the cell. DNA carries the information that tells the cell what to do, such as when to divide, grow, or perform specific functions.

The answer is NO!

To me, it makes no sense, why we have to transfer etbr with DNA to a blotting membrane? When Southern blotting signals will be detected by means of Radiochemicals or fluro labelling why we have to think about EtBr?

The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA bases during replication are DNA polymerases. These enzymes catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides in the growing DNA strand based on the complementary base-pairing rule. Multiple types of DNA polymerases work together during DNA replication to ensure accurate and efficient synthesis of the new DNA strands.

Yes, it is possible to isolate DNA from bone. This can be done by carefully removing a small sample of bone tissue, grinding it to a fine powder, and then using various methods to extract and purify the DNA for downstream analysis such as PCR or sequencing. Specialized kits and protocols are available for this purpose.

lactic acid fermentation helps make yogurt, cheese, and it also occurs in muscles which is why you may get that burning sensation in your legs while excersizing. Alcoholic fermentation makes wine and bread using yeast.

There is little or no similarity.

A radar is active (it radiates energy).

A telescope is passive (It relys on incoming energy)

The only thing I can think of, is that you point both towards an object and get some sort of information from it.

Iso amyl alcohol can be used as a substitute for phenol in DNA extraction procedures, especially for organic extraction methods. It helps in separating DNA from other cellular components. However, keep in mind that the effectiveness of iso amyl alcohol may vary depending on the specific protocol and sample type being used.

The rotating piece that holds the objective lens in a microscope is called the nosepiece. It allows for easy switching between different objective lenses to vary the magnification of the specimen being viewed.

Gene therapy using gametes is controversial because any changes made to the genetic material in gametes would be heritable, meaning they could be passed on to future generations. This raises ethical concerns about potential long-term effects, unintended consequences, and the concept of altering the germline and future human populations without their consent. Additionally, there are safety and efficacy issues that need to be considered when manipulating germline cells for therapeutic purposes.

Prodigiosin is a red pigment produced by some bacteria that is believed to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Studies have shown that prodigiosin can inhibit the growth of certain harmful microbes and potentially be used in medical applications.

Yes.

A protein produced by multiple genes are cased by fusion genes.

Usually a protein is translated from a mRNA which is transcribed from a DNA. After transcription, RNA is rearranged by so-called RNA splicing in which some of short sequences are selected(Exon) or deleted(Intron). During the splicing two different genes can join together and it is called trans-splicing.

After trans-splicing, mRNA is translated into a protein, so the protein has two genes. Most cases these fusion genes are oncogenes which cause Cancerous diseases.