C Programming

In c:

int fibr(int n) { // Find nth Fibonacci number using recursion.

if (n<=2) return 1; // the first two Fibonacci numbers are 1 and 1

return (fibr(n-2)+fibr(n-1));

}

int fibi(int n) { // Find nth Fibonacci number using iteration.

int temp,last=1,f=1;

int i;

for (i=3;i<n;++i) { // the first two Fibonacci numbers are 1 and 1

temp=f;

f+=last;

last=temp;

}

return f;

}

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

int height, line, i;

clrscr();

scanf("%d", &height);

for (i = 0; i < height - 1; ++i)

printf(" ");

printf("1\n");

for (line = 1; line < height; ++line)

{

for (i = 0; i < height - line - 1; ++i)

printf(" ");

for (i = 0; i < line; ++i)

printf("%d", line + 1);

printf(" ");

for (i = 0; i < line; ++i)

printf("%d", line + 1);

printf("\n");

}

getch();

}

Arrays are beneficial whenever you need constant-time, random-access to any element within a set of data and the number of elements doesn't change too much (enlarging an array may require the entire array be copied to a larger block of free memory, which is expensive in terms of performance). Linked lists are beneficial when the number of elements is highly variable and you also need constant time access to the head (as per a stack) or both the head and tail (as per a queue). Neither a queue nor a stack requires any traversal whatsoever, so the lack of random access is immaterial. If a set of data is variable and must remain in sorted order (such as a priority queue), then a heap or self-balancing binary tree is the most efficient structure to use.

Advantages:

1. Can store "n" number of same data types in different indexes

2. Can be accesses using reference.

Disadvantage:

1. No boundary check, if the array boundary is crossed run time

2. No facility to increase the size of array in Run time

It really depends on the language. In Java, you can use the .length property.

There are many approaches to this 'problem'. Since a C function is only allowed to return one value as the name of the function you have to provide parameters to the routine if you want multiple values to be returned.

For example, traditionally you return a value thus:

int Today () ;

if (Today() == 2) ....

int Today ()
{
/* Some logic */
return value ;
}


So if you want multiple values, send parameters to the routine that can be changed:

int Today (int * val1, int * val2, char * charValue) ;


Then, call it:

int first ;
int second ;
char third ;

if (Today (&first, &second, &third) == 2)

In this case first, second, and third can be changed inside the Today routine and return multiple values.

int Today (int * val1, int * val2, char * charValue)
{
*val1 = 5 ;
*val2 = 10 ;
*charValue = 'Y' ;
return 2 ;
}

Machine code is the native language of the machine. The machine does not "understand" any language other than its own native language. As such, all other languages, including low level assembly languages, must be compiled or interpreted in order to produce the required machine code.

#include

#include

#include

#define fn(x) (x*x*x-3*x*x-x+9)

void main()

{

clrscr();

float x,a,b,y,y1,y2;

cout<<"enter the initial value a&b"<

cin>>a>>b;

y1=fn(a);

y2=fn(b);

if(y1*y2>0)

{

cout<<"invalid interval"<

}

do

{

x=(a+b)/2;

y=fn(x);

if(y1*y<0)

{

b=x;

y2=y;

}

else

{

a=x;

y1=y;

}

}

while(fabs(b-a)>.001);

cout<<"the root of the equation ="<

getch();

}

All kinds of machine-based programs can be developed in C, including: operating system kernels; low-level drivers; embedded systems software; client-server applications; general purpose applications; utilities; and games. There is no real limit to what you can develop in C. The question is really about whether C is the best choice for the type of software you wish to develop. For purely low-level development it is ideal, but for mid-level to high-level developments you'd be better off with C++. Where performance and memory are not a major issue, Java is better for application development.

A "while" loop is appropriate in this case - one in which the condition is evaluated at the beginning of the loop.

A constant in Java is defined using the "final" modifier. For instance:

final double Density_Of_Water = 1.000;

would set Density_Of_Water to 1.000. This value can not be modified throughout the program because "final" told the compiler that this value would not change. A variable however, can be changed by the user throughout the program.

LIFO stands for Last In First Out.

Ex: Stack

Wrote this a few years ago, just paste it in the head or import it from a js file.

pretty self explanatory

<script language="JavaScript">

//Author: fjhdehoog

//Scriptname: Slide in status

var MyStatus='This is an example of how to use javascript to make a scrolling status text';

var start_status=1000; //start in 1 sec

var TBD=100; //Time Btween Digits 1000 = 1 Sec

var LoopIt=1; // 0= dont loop -- 1= loop

var DFSF=10000; //Display full status for 10 Sec /*------------------------------------------*/

setTimeout('ScrollStatus()',start_status); //comment this line out if u want to use body onload or window.onload

CurNum=MyStatus.length;

function ScrollStatus(){

window.status=MyStatus.substring(CurNum);

if (CurNum!=0) {

CurNum--;

setTimeout('ScrollStatus()',TBD); }

else

{

if (LoopIt) {CurNum=MyStatus.length;

setTimeout('ScrollStatus()',DFSF);} else { /*do Nothing*/ } } }

</script>

Computer viruses can be written in any programming language, not just C. C would be a common language for a virus to be written in because C is fast, and allows viruses to directly access lower level functions like computer memory. C has also been a very popular language for many programs in the past, so those who decide to write a computer virus would be familiar with that language already.

By subtracting any two of the numbers A-B , if the output number is negative , B IS GREAT and if its positive A is great

Pointer can be defined as variable that is used to store memory address , usually the location another variable in memory. Pointers provide a means through which memory location of a variable can be directly accessed.

Neither is printf, stderr or NULL. Certainly, they are important words, but not keywords.

int n, i;

for(n = 1; n <= 5; ++n) {

}

}

That would depend on how exactly you define the three parts of the for loop. A typical for loop, equivalent to "for i = 1 to 10" in other languages, would look like this:

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
...
}

If you change this to:

for (int i = 1; i <= 1; i++)

then the code would still execute once.

Program documentation is an essential part of any computer program or application. The documentation specifies what each part of the code does, what events will be triggered during the course of the program, and makes sure that no part of the program is accidentally left off the interface or code.

If you are referring to the Linked Lists used in programming:

You can use the Linked lists you learn in c++ (for example) to define actual shapes in OpenGL (a graphics library), then just 'call' the shapes and apply transformations to them (moving them around, rotating, etc).

This method saves a lot of bandwidth between your CPU and video card as the shapes are defined already.

Hopes this answers your question

21!