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Caliphates
Caliphates were Middle Eastern community jurisdictions headed by a caliph, the civil and religious leader.
754 Questions
In what ways did the Umayyads carry out the ideals of Muhammad?
Three things the Umayyads did to carry out the ideals of Muhammad:
1. Minted pure Islamic coins that were inscribed in Arabic with important quotations from the Koran.
2. The built a mosque on every neq land the conquered.
3. They declared the official language of the Islamic empire to be Arabic, the language Muhammad spoke.
What is a adviser to abbasid ruler?
one they could be a religious thing when you are talking about the bible!!?
This was a dynasty caliph that made the title Caliph hereditary?
Muawiyah made the office of Caliph hereditary.
Why did the caliphate cordoba fall?
because that the ruler ran off and the others were killed and so there was no work being done as the people of cordoba didnt wont to and so that the population falled cause people didnt wont to go there and the caliphate fell as well ? :) (^^^) x
luv from shaza :) x
Who said you have the face of a wise and fearless caliph?
Jeannie - in I Dream of Jeannie. Barbara Eden.
Within 10 years of the death of Muhammad all of the middle east was under Arab control except?
10 years after Mohammed's death is roughly the end of Omar's rulership of the Islamic Caliphate in 644 C.E. The only country in the Middle East of today which was not under Islamic control when Omar passed the baton to Othman was Turkey which was only partially conquered in the southeast.
A map has been attached showing the extent of Omar's Caliphate.
Can you get a story related to harun al rashid the caliph of bagdad?
Harun-ar-Rashid spent more money on arts rather than anything else because he wanted the pleasure for himself. He also payed over 100,000 for a single song!
How might people have reacted to Esma'il's decision to make he safavid empire shia?
its called getting a book and reading it
What is the most influential factor of Safavid Shah?
The most influential factor of the Safavid Shahs was their promotion of Shia Islam as the state religion, which helped to unify and solidify their rule over Persia. This religious policy not only distinguished the Safavid Empire from its Sunni neighbors, particularly the Ottoman Empire, but also fostered a distinct Persian identity and cultural renaissance. Additionally, the Shahs employed strategic alliances and military prowess to expand their territory and influence, further entrenching their power. Overall, their religious and political strategies were instrumental in shaping the Safavid legacy.
How were the first four caliphs different from later caliphs?
The first four Caliphs are all informed by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that they are promised by God to among ten prophet Muhammad companions who to be accepted the God Paradise in their 2nd life. Also, the four have close relations to prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) married the daughter of each of the first two Caliphs. The third Caliph married the daughter of prophet Muhammad and when this daughter died he married the other daughter. The fourth prophet married Fatima (may God be pleased with her) the youngest daughter of the prophet.
Who were the safavid and explain why the ottomans hated them?
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims, the Safavids Shia Muslims.Ottoman Sultans saw it as part of their religious duty to wage war on what they saw as the heretical Shias. Further, the Ottoman empire was based on constant expansion (when it stopped expanding,the empire went into a long decline). Safavid Persia was directly to the east of the Ottoman empire.
What caliphs ruled from ad 661 to ad 750?
Umayyad Caliphs.
- Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, 661-680
- Yazid ibn Muawiyah, 680-683
- Muawiyah ibn Yazid, 683-684
- Marwan ibn al-Ḥakam, 684-685
- Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 685-705
- al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik, 705-715
- Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik, 715-717
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, 717-720
- Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik, 720-724
- Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, 724-743
- al-Walid ibn Yazid II, 743-744
- Yazid ibn al-Walid, 744
- Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, 744
- Marwan ibn Muhammad 744-750
What reforms took place in the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas?
The shah Abbas reformed aspects of both military and civilian life. he limited the power of the military & created two new armies that would be loyal to him only.
one was an army of Persians, the other were a force that Abbas recruited from the Christian north and modeled after the Ottoman Janissaries. He equipped both of these armies with modern artillery.
He also reformed his government. He punished corruption severely and promoted only officials who proved their competence and loyalty. he hired foreigners from neighboring countries to fill positions in the government. Abbas brought members of Christian religious orders into the empire to convince European merchants that his empire was tolerant of other religions. Then industry, trade, art exchanges grew between the empire and European nations!
His full name is Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufyan.
However, Muawiya refers to the first Umayyad caliph (661-80), one of the greatest Muslim statesmen; son of Abu Sufyan, a Qoreish tribesman of Mecca (in Saudi Arabia). He submitted to Islam religion the year of the surrender of Mecca and became Muhammad's secretary. Under Omar he became the very able governor of Greater Syria (or what is called Al-Sham). He struggled with 'Ali Ibn Abu-Taleb over the government of the empire and led in the deposition of Hasan. As caliph he made Islam an autocracy, retaining the old forms of self-government. He secured his domain against aggression by continual raids beyond its borders. His policies ended the ancient hostility that long had separated the North and South Arabian tribes, thus making the Muslim empire the remarkably unified force that it was.
Mu'awiya remains a very controversial figure due to his repression of the Mawali (non-Arab Muslims), his demonization of Shi'a Islam, and his abandonment of the tribal leadership style of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. However, he established the Imperial Caliphate System which was the generally accepted method of Islamic Rule into the early 20th century.
Why did the abbasids lose control of their empire?
The reasons for the eventual fall of the Abbassid Caliphate which occurred in 1100-1258 CE are the following.
1) Corruption: The Abbassid Caliphate had become one of the richest and most prosperous states in the world at that time, changing its leadership from honest brokers of power (Amir al-Mu'aminin - Prince of the Believers used to actually mean something) to individuals more concerned with money. This created strong resentment from those who were outside of the Abbassid purview.
2) Mawali Inclusion: The Abbassids were an Arab Caliphate (as opposed to the Samanids who were a Persian Caliphate) and were expected by many Arabs to treat other Arabs better than the Mawali (Non-Arab Muslims). However, the Abbassids consistently treated Persians equal to or better than their Arab brethren which created animosity and a sense of betrayal. Many Arabs saw the Persians as the major backers of the Caliphate and that they were a tool for Persian interests. It was also perceived that the Persians were first servants to the caliphs but climbed way up the social ladder to a place they did not belong.
3) Turkish Armies: Armies like the Mamluk (who were retained by the Abbassids for the defense of the Caliphate) were Turks who defended an Arab State. Beginning in this period, they began to realize that they had the capacity to create their own states considering how vast their powers were as a military. This idea also came to the fore for Turks outside of the Caliphate. As a result, there were Mamluk uprisings, Seljuq attacks, and other Turkish Armies turning against Baghdad.
4) Rise of the Mongols: Hulegu Khan put the final nail in the coffin by massacring Baghdad and a number of Persian cities when he conquered the territory for the Great Khanate.
