Caliphates

The Umayyad Caliphate came after the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs.

the muslims developed a banking system, developed more learning, science and math

by guiding the flock and maintain Islamic law

The Ayyubids, led by Saladin overthrew Abbassid control in much of the Middle East and became the leader of the Islamic opposition to the Crusaders.

In Islamic history ,the abbasid pariod is known as ' the age of wealth and culture'learing and education in all fields were encourraged greek and latin works were translated and medical schools were set up. Mamoon established the Bait-ul-hikmah-house of wisdom-in baghdad

shiites were under control and any political action was banned for them and Imam of shia Muslims was in prison by abbasids.

The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad because they wanted to move it closer to Damascus during the time when Umayyad's capital was Damascus. In which means that the Abbasid empire wants to overthrow the Umayyad empire.

Jihad was invoked in Islam during their rule after the prophet's death, when the Arabian Peninsula abandoned Islam, and when others refused to pay their taxes and few individuals declared themselves the prophet.

It means "striving" and can refer to the inner struggle against evil.

Umayyads are Muslims, they represented an important Islamic age in which they ruled the Islamic country & their capital was Damascus.at first they were good rulers but then they stopped behaving like proper Muslims and started drinking wine.

The Caliphs were simply head of state. The areas whose people accepted Islam became part of the Islamic state that was continuously growing to become an empire. Difference between a Caliph and a regular a ruler (like a King or President) was that the Caliph was not chosen based on his political influence but rather his level of piety and knowledge of religion so that he may lead his people according to the rulings of the religion. Being designated as the Caliph was a very heavy responsibility as he will be held responsible for the well being of all the people under his state. They don't wanted earthly benefits or materialistic gains from their position like a King would. The first Caliph, Abu Bakar Siddiq (RA) e.g. on his death bed asked that he had some property and that it is to be sold and all the salary he had thus far earned be returned to the state treasure. That was his right - his rightly earned salary and even that he did not like to keep if he was able to give it back to the people.

The region of the Arab Peninsula, currently called Saudi Arabia. The Caliph Omar Ibn Alkhattab.

Abbasids is the Muslim group overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and set up a new caliphate.

No. Islam places utmost stress on getting education. Even the last Prophet of Islam has been advised in the holy Qur'an to pray to Almighty Allah in these words: Translation: "O My Allah, enhance my knowledge." The last prophet of Islam Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) has laid great emphasis on seeking knowledge through out one's life.

Because he was invading Persia and was a cruel leader.

Sunni

Under Abu Bakr, Islam only regained ground lost in the dissension that occurred among the tribes that had united with Mohammed during the Prophet's life.

Islam did spread considerably during the reigns of the subsequent Caliphs due to the conquests of Islamic Armies. 'Omar, 'Othman, 'Ali, Mu'awiya, and Yazid I all expanded the reach of Islam through successful attacks on non-Muslim States or regions.

_______________________________________________________________

The role of Islamic armies was just to free the will of oppressed people and to leave them to select or maintain the faith that they believe in freely. Islam spread mainly due to its logic beliefs, authenticity of Quran, good morals, and honesty. refer to questions below for more details.

Abu Bakr was the only Rightly-Guided Caliph not to be assassinated, but he died of natural causes less than two years after he assumed power.

Constant civil violence drained the treasury and alienated the subjects of the Abbasids. A further strain was placed on the empire's dwindling revenues by some caliphs' attempts to escape the turmoil of Baghdad by establishing new capitals near the original one. Spiraling taxation and outright pillaging led to the destruction or abandonment of many villages in the richest provinces of the empire. Foreign invasions decreased the empire's territory and control over its politics.

To construct and decorate the mosque, Walid employed the best craftsmen from Constantinople (now Istanbul) and from the Umayyad Empire.

no

Yazid ibn Mu'awiya (يزيد إبن معاوية) IS his original name.

Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire.