Caliphates

you can start with a fully guided group and then turn to your own intuition as and when you think fit. The group fragments and comes together in accordance with the demands of the chase

shia hate unayyad. because they killed shia Immas. the Karbala tragedy is made by Umayyad King Yazid.

Shia and Sunni have mostly same beliefs and both believe in fundamental beliefs of Islam. Today there is up to 260 sects in Islam that are in two main categories of shia and sunni.

the conflict of shia and sunni has been always amplified by world Imperialism to prevent Islam from gaining power.

Shia believes in Allah, prophet and all fundamentals of Islam.

Shia pray 5 times a day but usually do the 2, 3 and 4, 5 pray together and so may seem they do only 3 pray a day. there is some differences in details of pray like genuflect (for shia should be on a stone or part of earth and for sunni on carpet or floor ).

shia believe after death of prophet God selected the successive for prophet who is the political leader of Muslim community and people can not and does not the right to selected it.

Shia believes the Caliph (Representative of God in earth) is selected only by God and can not be selected by people because God said in Koran: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority" (Quran 2:30) or "O David! We did indeed make thee a vicegerent on earth" (Quran 38:26) also other verses.

Shia believes such verses means only God can select an Islamic political leader (Caliph).

In Shia Islam Caliphs after prophet are 12 Imams and all of them are the same and have no mistake and have the knowledge of everything (not absolute knowledge like knowledge of God) and they hear all sayings and even thinks of all humans after even after their death by permission of God and they are intermediates between God and human Shia Muslims always support them and forgive their lives for them.

Shia Muslims do not consider selection of Abubakr as Caliph by people valid because God did not select him. They believe God ordered prophet to declare people that Ali is selected as successor of prophet and prophet did this mission many times during his prophet-hood and mainly in Ghadir event after last Hajj of his life at a 3-4 hour speech in front of 120,000 Muslims at Ghadir in hot desert after 2 days stop of long caravan for gathering and 3 days after speech for congratulations and homage of Muslims to Ali. Islam at that time had high power in world and Some companions had high interest in leadership position after prophet. Muslims knew that it is the final Hajj of prophet (predicted by prophet) and were going along with prophet to hear what prophet says at end of his life. Shia believes Ghadir event is the most important event of Islam and is mentioned in Koran in many verses like "Today" (اليوم) in verse 5:3 of Quran is the day of Ghadir. Or Verse 5:67 (O Messenger! proclaim the (message) which hath been sent to thee from thy Lord. If thou didst not, thou wouldst not have fulfilled and proclaimed His mission. And Allah will defend thee from men (who mean mischief). For Allah guideth not those who reject Faith) is revealed at Ghadir day and is about declaring political leadership of Ali after prophet.

Both Sunni and Shia Muslims accept happening of Ghadir event But different interpret. Some Sunni writers tried to reject the event of Ghadir as declare of leadership of Ali and said at Ghadir prophet only wanted to say Ali is my friend and no one should bother him. Ali had 3 different missions to Yemen by prophet during 10 years and in 2 of them some companions of prophet had some conflicts with Ali and and prophet said some sayings about Ali to solve conflicts and some sunni writers have mixed stories of missions of Ali to Yemen with story of Ghadir to prove Ghadir event is not about Leadership of Ali and is not important.

Shia scholars believe some Sunni writers have changed and deviated historical evidences about political leadership of Ali in old historical books and republished them to destroy evidences of leadership of Ali from old Sunni books.

The famous Shia book Al-Ghadir (الغدير) by Allameh Amini is a collection of evidences and proofs for Ghadir Events written after referring to 100,000 Sunni books and full reading of 10,000 sunny books. Allameh Amini is a famous Shia scholar and spent 40 years of his life in travelling to access original old Sunni books in libraries in different countries to write this 20 volume book only from Sunni books and not using any Shia book. Some Sunni scholars tried to reply this book but then said if we want to reply this book we should first destroy all books of ourselves.

Shia doctrine have root in Karbala tragedy. When tragedy of Karbala happened most of Iranians understood there is two different kinds of Islam and after happening of Karbala tragedy most of Iranians became followers of "Ahl al-Bayt" and forgive their lives for them like what they did in Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War. Shia Muslims have at least 120,000 Hadith (saying) from The Fourteen Infallibles that is the base of Shia Islam along with Quran. Shia believes according to " Hadith of the two weighty things" The Fourteen Infallibles are the only valid interpreters of Quran and sayings of them are from God because they are Representative of God in earth and they do not say anything from themselves. Shia believes 12th of them (Mahdi) is alive and because people have killed all 11 Imams before him, he is in hide like Jesus and will come out of hide toghether with Jesus when people become ready and want to accept his leadership. All 11 Imams have been killed and during their life thy all have been in prison or under hard control of government to not have any political action. They never had enough serious followers to can get political power. Among them only the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq was relatively free in his life to have only scientific activities (but banned from any political action) and so only he is known in west because he established university and had students from all over the world. Westerns know him as a polymath: an astronomer, alchemist, Imam, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, writer, philosopher, physician, physicist and scientist. He was also the teacher of the famous chemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and of Abū Ḥanīfa, the founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He never wanted be a famous man and only shared his knowledge with who wanted to learn. Some researchers consider his teachings the root cause of renaissance.

Sunni Muslims also accept Mahdi and his worldwide leadership as Caliph of God in earth at end of world. There is a famous Hadith from prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that Mahdi at hide is like sun behind cloud, he is hidden from people but people receive his benefits. Shia Muslims say some faithful believers have connection with Mahdi and use his knowledge. Shia Muslims believe that it is proved at least 1000 persons have had connection and talk with Mahdi during his hide period but Any one having relation with Mahdi keep it and does not declare it in public until is alive.

The Abbasids fell to an ambush of the mongols; while Umayyads fell to economics.

The Islamic caliphates at their height covered vast territories across three continents. The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) extended from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus River in the east, encompassing North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Central Asia. The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) succeeded it, maintaining significant influence over the same regions but eventually losing control over parts of North Africa and Spain. The Ottoman Empire later emerged as a significant Islamic caliphate, spanning Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa until the early 20th century.

Abu Bakr (R), Omar (R), Usman (R) and Ali (R)

Swords, spears, maces, etc etc.

he is Ali Ibn Abi Talib (S.A.)

please read the Related Link below.

The Abbasids are the Abbasid people in the Abbasid dynasty. Abbasid refers to Abbas Ibn Abd Al Muttaleb the uncle of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)

mrser iran iraq shame falasten

The Muslim rulers after prophet Muhammad death in year 632 AD were called Caliphs. The first Caliph was Abou Bakr. The Caliph after death of the Caliph Abou Bakr was Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. That is why he was the second Caliph.

they go govern it with the caliphs

Yes. It was during the Rightly-Guided Caliphate that many of the core texts of Islam, especially the Qur'an, were codified. Additionally, upon Mohammed's death, Islam was only an Arabian faith. With the conquests made during Omar's and Othman's Caliphate, Islam became a multi-regional and multi-ethnic faith.

The Abbassids moved their capital to Baghdad because their base of support was among the Persians and Mesopotamian Arabs (as opposed to Damascus, which was the base of support for their Umayyad rivals).

The source of Abbasid's power was a standing army.

Umayyad Dynasty

yazeed was a corrupted person he want to change the shariyat of islaam he was a dictator drinker and aiyaash he was baatil he capture the islaamik hukumat by force he was a persion of bani ummaiya. the bani umaiya was fast enemy of bani haashim the banihashim belong to nasleibrahim and that qabila is Mohammad s.a. and when the god rise this qabila and the last nabi bourn in this qabila then the banihashim becem the most respectfull qabila on the earth it was main reson the bani umaiya think what i do then he make a plan abu sufiyan created a fals baiyat on the hand of rasool hinda was his wife she has chaving the kaleja of ameer HAMAZA the maviya is son of hinda the islaam can not interd in there heart that was a policy they tell that we are Muslim but that was wrong and yazeed was son of maviya he was very cruel person hi was zaalim

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Of all of the factors that went into promoting and diffusing knowledge in the Arab Caliphates, the most important was a single lingua franca, Arabic, which allowed scholars from the extremities of the empire to still be able to engage in the same intellectual pursuits.

Umar ibn al-Khattāb also known as Omar, was a friend of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad, and one of his companions. He became the second Muslim ruler after Muhammad's death and ruled for 10 years

How did decentralizatio led to both the fall of baghdad ad at the same time preservatio of Islamic world

He was the third Caliph after Muhammad's death, and was killed by the Umayyads.

Yazied was the son of Caliph Hazrat Amir Mua'awia (RAU).He is the most hateful character in the history of Islam. On his orders the whole family of our beloved Prophet (SAW) was martyred at Karbala. This incident is the most tragic and most shameful incident in our history. To add insult to injury, this accursed person insulted the most reverend female members of the defeated tribe. May curse of Almighty Allah fall on him!