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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

500 Questions

Total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit?

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Asked by Wiki User

I oppose alternating current. Direct is the only way for me. That is 1 in opposition.

What is voltage level of ttl?

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Asked by Wiki User

Standard TTL (which stands for Transistor-Transistor Logic) circuits operate on a 5V power supply. The typical level for a logical "0" is between 0V and 0.8V, and the typical level for a logal "1" is somewhere between 2.2V and 5V. Typically, a value little lower than Vcc (power source voltage) is used; in case of a 5V supply, this is usually around 4.5V, but TTL devices are built to withstand full Vcc as input, just in case.

What happen ohmmeter hook up to a live circuit?

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Asked by Wiki User

Depending on the voltage, make sure to be safe, but I don't think that it is too bad, although it does depend on the circuit

Advantages series and parallel connection?

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Asked by Wiki User

If a switch is added, all of the bulbs/lights/motors can be turned on and off at the same time, instead of needing several switches.

Also, if a bulb is dead, you can't tell what bulb is dead because they are all connected.

DoesCode permit connecting receptacles to a 20ampere branch circuit using short lengths of 14AWG conductors as the pigtail between the receptacle terminals and the 12AWG branch-circuit conductors?

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Asked by Wiki User

No. This practice is a violation of Article 210.19 (A) of the NEC. "Conductors of branch circuits supplying more than one receptacle for cord-and-plug-connected portable loads shall have an ampacity of not less than the rating of the branch circuit."

What provides energy to circuit?

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Asked by Wiki User

One possibility for what affects the voltage,

is how many light bulbs, motors etc you have in the circuit causing the energy ( voltage ) to be shared.

What board holds microchips or integrated circuits and the circuitry that connects these chips?

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Asked by Wiki User

The board that holds microchips and electronic circuity is called a printed circuit board (PCB).

More information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board

I do not agree with the above answer... i believe the correct answer you are looking for is an "adapter card".

Why are damaged electrical cords dangerous?

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Asked by Wiki User

because it can can cause fire or electrical shock.

What is vaccume circuit breaker?

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Asked by Wiki User

In VCB, The two contacts are present in a vaccum, When there is a fault these contacts are forced to open resulting arch ,as all we know arch does not flow through Vaccum so it extinguishes thus vcb seperates two circuits.

Can you change a 470 microfarad 16 volts capacitor with a 470 microfarad 35 volts?

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Asked by Wiki User

C=Q/V12 where Q/ V12 is the Charge per Potential Difference between the plates of the capacitor. If you solve for Q, you see that the charge is proportional to this potential difference. You are likely to surpass your load requirements by increasing the charge/discharge amplitude with the 35 volt cap. In other words, your cap will charge up to 35 volts and then discharge that 35 volts onto your load that was set at resonance to operate with 16 volts discharging. Any separation of circuits using this cap would probably fry something on one side or the other over time. Hope this helps.

The circuitry of the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the?

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Asked by Wiki User

External to the main board of circuitry is the power supply ... in computers additional sub-modules complete the overall system ie. a computer (this sometimes includes a visual display unit , VDU (ie. LCD display) ) and may incorporate a display.

What are the advantages of PMOS and NMOS?

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Asked by Wiki User

* reduce the complexity of the circuit

* low static power consumption

* high noise immunity

* high density of logic function on a chip
The most important advantage of CMOS is the very low static power consumption in compare with NMOS technology. On the other hand, CMOS technology is more complex to fabricate then NMOS technology, so it is more expensive. However, almost every todays digital circuits are CMOS. You want to use NMOS only when you want to fabricate fast and low-cost a simple circuit. The most important advantage of CMOS is the very low static power consumption in compare with NMOS technology. On the other hand, CMOS technology is more complex to fabricate then NMOS technology, so it is more expensive. However, almost every todays digital circuits are CMOS. You want to use NMOS only when you want to fabricate fast and low-cost a simple circuit.

What keeps the CMOS data current and up to date?

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Asked by Wiki User

The data is CMOS is on a chip called RAM. RAM will lose data when it loses power. A small battery on the motherboard is used to keep continuous power to CMOS when the PC loses power.

What is a multiply contact relay?

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Asked by Wiki User

It is a type of relay used to read the status of Breakers as well as isolators in scada system. As RTU operates at a voltage of 48V and Control panel operates at 110v inoredr to differentiate these potentials it is used

What is one important thing transistors do?

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Asked by Jennyminhnguyen

Transistor is the building block for the processor. Without the transistor, some say our servers would be three stories high, and laptops would be a prop on Star Trek. Our televisions would still use vacuum tubes, and our cars couldn't guide us to the nearest Indian restaurant.

without the transistor, what would the digital economy look like? Would Microsoft Corp. and Google Inc. have become giants? Would geeks have become cool, rich guys driving BMWs?

What is the electrical conductivity of PVC?

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Asked by Wiki User

Very low.

It's used as an insulator.

How do you find out how many amps your battery is putting out?

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Asked by Wiki User

Amperage is a rate of electrical flow. In a battery-powered electrical circuit, as in almost any circuit, the current flow is a factor of the load, not the supply. For example, a battery powering 2 bulbs in parallel will supply a flow double that with a load of one bulb. The measured amperes from the battery would be double. While any battery has a maximum discharge rate, this is rarely reached when used as designed. When a battery-powered device is operating with the specified battery, it will draw power from the battery at just the rate (amperage) it needs. Batteries are, however, rated as to how long they will produce a current of a stated amperage. This rating reflects the total capacity of the battery. The units of this rating are commonly milliamp-hours, or mAh. For example, a particular rechargeable cordless-phone battery is rated at 800 mAh. This means the battery can store enough energy to release 800 mA per hour for 1 hour; or it could release 1 mA per hour for 800 hours; etc. (Not every battery is tagged with this information, but the manufacturer can provide it.) Therefore, selecting a battery is a matter of choosing one that:

- is rated at exactly the voltage the device specifies

- has the best mAh rating for the price

- fits the device properly and has the matching connections needed.

Then just be certain to install the battery in the proper direction, matching the stated polarity expected. (Match the "+" end of the battery to the "+" contact, and "-" to "-".) Caution: We have to consider maximum source amperage when powering equipment from line power sources, such as a wall plug or a power transformer plugged in to the wall. In this case, be certain the total specified power draw (in amperes or milliamperes) does not exceed the maximum amperage rating of the source. For example, your breaker box will likely trip if the total power draw from a room's wall plugs exceeds 15 A. And an overloaded power adapter (wall transformer) will overheat or perhaps burn if powering a device that demands more power (milliamps or amps) than it is rated to provide.

What are some practical uses of diodes?

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Asked by AbigailHickman

Diodes are largely used for changing AC into DC. A half wave diode bridge will use two diodes for this purpose. A full wave bridge uses four diodes to accomplish this task.

See related links below.

Can i use 9v dc with 12v dc?

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Asked by Wiki User

No. 9 v is only 75% of 12 v.

What causes a capacitor to blow?

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Asked by Wiki User

Capacitors can fail for a few reasons, and sometimes the do "blow".

Capacitors have voltage limitations which, if they are exceeded may cause internal arcing or flashover. Once initiated, arcing can cause sudden heating and if the circuit supports high enough energy the capacitor can be damaged and may actually come apart. For polarized capacitors, reversing the polarity may even result in catastrophic failure at normal voltage levels.

Another reason capacitors fail is as a result of high current. If a capacitor is subjected to high frequency currents of sufficient magnitude internal heating can result and once again damage will result. With enough energy it may come apart.

One last way capacitors may be damaged is through sudden discharge. Generally high voltage ceramic capacitors may be charged to high energy levels. With a sudden discharge ceramic capacitors can respond with a piezoelectric effect and the ceramic may actually shatter.

Why is a fuse wire necessary in a circuit?

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Asked by Wiki User

a fuse wire melts when current passing through it exceeds a certain value as in overloading and short circuiting .this breaks the circuit prventing further current flow and damage ..

Can you connect 460Vac motor to 480Vac circuit?

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Asked by Wiki User

Yes, the 440 volt motor is withing the 10% voltage range of the 460 volt group. When the supply is said to be 480 volts, usually it is lower than what it is stated to be. Once the motor is connected check the current against the motor's nameplate amperage.

Why is a torch switch important in a circuit?

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Asked by Wiki User

A switch in a circuit will quickly allow you to break the circuit, without changing the wiring. For example, a light switch. By turning a light switch off, you are breaking the circuit and, thus, turning the light off.