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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

Is food a conductor or insulator?

Neither, really. Most foods are not good conductors, but do conduct somewhat because they tend to contain ions in solution.

Would the current of a light bulb be greater or less than when first turned on?

incandscent light bulbs voltage is 120 wattage is100 light output is 1560 lumens,use resistance as a function of temperature

Are there any ways in which the central heating system model does not represent an electric circuit?

Because a central heating model does not have any electrons travelling through wires but have water. If a wire broke in a electric circuit , then if you're not going to turn off the circuit you would get electrecuted. In a central heating system, if it would break water will leak and nothing will hurt you or anything and you won't get electrecuted.

What is more referred to use si diode or a ge diode?

silicon diode is preferred more when compared with germanium diode because in silicon diode the operating voltage is 0.7v where as in germanium diode the operating voltage is 0.3v , germanium is temperature sensitive so it can be easily destroyed by increasing temperature hence silicon diode is preferred more

Are there diagonal resistors in an electric circuit?

I must tell you that I've been building, troubleshooting, and studying electronics

(in that order) for more than a half century, and this is the first time I have ever

encountered the concept of a "diagonal resistor". I really should let this question

pass, because I really have no idea what it means. But I'm somehow drawn to it.

At the frequencies of devices that even use discrete resistors any more, the

physical position and orientation of the resistors has no effect on their electrical

characteristics or performance in the circuit. If the position mattered, then there

would be a big red "THIS END UP" arrow on every transistor radio and boombox.

And if, by chance, you're referring to the presentation of resistors on electrical

schematic diagrams, please relax. The arrangement of the components and their

symbols on the schematic is completely a matter of making a clear drawing, and

has absolutely no relationship to their physical arrangement in the circuit when it's

constructed.

At least not until you get into microwave devices, and at that point, trust me, you

and I would not even recognize a resistor in the circuit if we were looking at one.

Is resistivity of conductor independent of charge?

Yes, resistivity, which is a material property, is independent of the amount of charge. Resistivity is determined by the material itself, while the amount of charge only affects the flow of current through the conductor.

What will be deflection in compass needle of a magnet when a current carrying wire is placed over it?

The compass needle will turn until it's perpendicular to the wire, provided the current

in the wire is enough to generate a magnetic field around the wire that's strong enough

to swamp out the effects of the Earth's magnetic field.

(That doesn't take much current.)

Why is it so many fatal accident happen in the bathroom due to electric current?

I would imagine it has a lot to do with the combination of a few contributing factors. You have water and electricity, for starters. Then there's the fact that people are usually in there early in the morning, when they're still waking up. Or they're in there in the evening, when they're winding down.

In either case, combining the dangerous potential of electricity and water, with a lowered sense of awareness that can occur in the washroom, this could easily explain at least a part of increased rate of fatal accidents in the bathroom.

What effects does salt water have on the frequency Ku?

Since we don't know what you're doing with salt water ... the question is presumably from an experiment ... we don't know. You're the one who is supposed to have done the work, just describe what happened. If you didn't do the work and are trying to dry lab it, shame on you.

What is a common branch circuit connector?

There are many variables that affect the ratings of electrical circuits but in general:

If you are asking about residential branch circuit ratings, they are listed in amps and protected by a fuse or breaker. For example, a typical residential lighting circuit is usually a 15 amp / 120 volt circuit. It will be protected by a 15 amp overcurrent device (breaker or fuse) and all components of the circuit (wire etc) must be rated for at least 15 amps.

Common residential circuit ratings:

15 amp / 120 volt - lighting and receptacles

20 amp / 120 volt - bathroom, kitchen, dining room, workshop etc. receptacles

30 amp / 240 volt - electric dryer, electric water heater

40 or 50 amp / 240 volt - electric stove

For minimum conductor (wire) sizing, the National Electric Code recognizes many variables that affect the ampacity (number of amps) a wire can safely carry. But in most residential circuits the following copper conductors are used:

15 amp - #14 American Wire Gauge (AWG)

20 amp - #12 AWG

30 amp - #10 AWG

40 amp - #8 AWG

50 amp - #6 AWG

Aluminum is typically not used in the smaller sizes, though you may find #6 AWG used for larger (40 amp) loads

What is the power of a ciruit with 10 ohmns 10 volts and 2 amps?

Well, first of all, if the resistance of the circuit is 10 ohms and you connect 10 volts to it,

then the current is 1 Amp, not 2 . So either there's something else in your circuit that

you're not telling us about, or else the circuit simply doesn't exist.

-- If you connect some voltage to some resistance, then the resistance heats up and

dissipates (voltage)2/resistancewatts of power, and the power supply has to supply it.

-- If there is some current flowing through some resistance, then the resistance heats up and

dissipates (current)2 x (resistance)watts of power, and the power supply has to supply it.

-- If there's a circuit with some voltage connected to it and some current flowing

through it, then the resistance of the circuit is (voltage)/(current) ohms, the parts

in the circuit heat up and dissipate (voltage) x (current) watts of power, and

the power supply has to supply it.

There's no such thing as "the power of a circuit". The power supply supplies the

circuit with some amount of power, the circuit either dissipates or radiates some

amount of power, and the two amounts are equal.

What is the intensity of light produced by an LED?

The intensity of light produced by an LED is typically measured in lumens. It can vary depending on the specific LED model and its design, but LEDs are generally known for producing high-intensity light output compared to traditional light sources like incandescent bulbs.

Which objects have gravitational fields?

All objects with mass have gravitational fields. This includes celestial bodies like planets, stars, and galaxies, as well as everyday objects here on Earth. The strength of the gravitational field depends on the mass of the object.

How many watts can you use with a 32amp mcb?

To answer this question a voltage must be stated. W = Amps x Volts.

Assuming that you keep a tidy house, your power factor is always 1 ,

and you derate your circuit breakers 10% for safety . . .

If in a 120v circuit . . . P120 = 0.9 x 120 x 32 = 3,456 watts

If in a 240v circuit . . . P240 = 0.9 x 240 x 32 = 2 x P120 = 6,912 watts

Do circuits or electric currents have a magnetic field?

Yes, electric currents generate magnetic fields. This is described by Ampere's law in electromagnetism, stating that a current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. This relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields is fundamental to the operation of electromagnets and many electronic devices.

What is a thin metal wire that is designed to melt when the electric current is too large?

A fuse is a thin metal wire that is designed to melt when the electric current is too large, breaking the circuit and preventing damage to other components.

How do positively charged particles and negatively charged particles flow in a circuit?

Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.

This may seem at odds with the convention of writing the current arrows from positive to negative, but that is only a convention - the math comes out the same in both cases - so long as you always keep the signs correct.

How many watts in 20 volts?

To calculate the number of watts when given volts, you also need to know the current (in amps) flowing through the circuit. The formula for power (in watts) is P = V x I, where P is power in watts, V is voltage in volts, and I is current in amps. Without knowing the current, we cannot determine the number of watts from just volts.

How does ferromagnetic apply to permanent magnets?

A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday

example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door.

Materials that can be magnetized,

which are also the ones that are

strongly attracted to a magnet, are

called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone.

What is mA engineering wise?

mA is the abbreviation for milliAmperes. Milli- means one-thousandth, so a milliAmpere is one-thousandth of an Ampere, or Amp for short. Amperes are the standard measure of electrical current. 1mA=.001A

Which electric heater will yield the greater heat output a large resistance in the coil or a small resistance in the coil?

A small resistance in the coil will yield greater heat output in an electric heater. This is because a small resistance allows for a larger current to flow through the coil, which in turn generates more heat due to the increased power dissipation (P = I^2 * R).

What are the 2 blood circuits of the body?

The two blood circuits of the body are the systemic circulation, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body tissues and back to the heart, and the pulmonary circulation, which carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the heart.

How does light intensity affect the voltage?

Light intensity affects voltage because the higher the intensity of light, the more volts are produced. It works exactly the same way in the case of: the lower the light intensity the less volts that are produced.