Civil Engineering

There is a rumor and says that Civil Engineering was the toughest coarse Compare with all engineering, Medical course, MBA, Architecture, BA, and other courses. Not quite sure about that. Havent check it in the guiness record.

The Three Gorges Dam is Asia's biggest dam, located on the Yangtze River in China. It is the world's largest hydroelectric power station in terms of installed capacity.

Gold mines in South Africa go a few kilometers below the surface. The deepest mine at the moment is the Mponeng Mine in the Orange Free State. The depth of the mine is well over 3000m from the surface and is getting deeper. The lift itself decends 3037m to a point 1200m below sea level. It takes 4 minutes.

For Mild Steel Bars:

Diameter (in inches): 1/4" Weight per foot: 0.167 lb/ft Diameter (in inches): 3/8" Weight per foot: 0.376 lb/ft Diameter (in inches): 1/2" Weight per foot: 0.668 lb/ft Diameter (in inches): 5/8" Weight per foot: 1.043 lb/ft Diameter (in inches): 3/4" Weight per foot: 1.502 lb/ft Diameter (in inches): 1" Weight per foot: 2.670 lb/ft For High-Strength Deformed (HSD) Steel Bars (commonly used in construction):

Diameter (in millimeters): 8 mm Weight per meter: 0.395 kg/m Diameter (in millimeters): 10 mm Weight per meter: 0.617 kg/m Diameter (in millimeters): 12 mm Weight per meter: 0.888 kg/m Diameter (in millimeters): 16 mm Weight per meter: 1.579 kg/m Diameter (in millimeters): 20 mm Weight per meter: 2.467 kg/m Diameter (in millimeters): 25 mm Weight per meter: 3.853 kg/m

TMT stands for Thermo Mechanically Treated steel. Thermo mechanically treated steel known as TMT steel can be described as a new-generation-high-strength steel having superior properties such as weldability, strength, ductility and bendability meeting highest quality standards at international level.

In IS 1786-2008 Clause no.4.2 , Chemical Composition and Table 3, Mechanical Properties of High Strength Deformed Bars and Wires the difference between TMT 500 and 500 d is clearly mentioned.

TMT (Thermo-Mechanically Treated) steel bars are available in various grades, each designed to meet specific performance requirements and applications in construction. The selection of the appropriate grade depends on factors such as structural design, load-bearing capacity, environmental conditions, and building codes. Some of the common grades of TMT steel bars include:

1. Fe-415: This grade of TMT bar is one of the most widely used and suitable for general construction purposes. The "Fe" stands for iron, while "415" denotes the minimum yield strength of the bar in megapascals (MPa). Fe-415 TMT bars offer adequate strength and ductility for residential and commercial buildings.

2. Fe-500: TMT bars with a grade of Fe-500 possess higher tensile strength compared to Fe-415 bars, making them suitable for structures subjected to heavier loads and seismic forces. These bars are commonly used in high-rise buildings, bridges, and infrastructure projects where enhanced strength is required.

3. Fe-550: TMT bars of Fe-550 grade offer even higher tensile strength and superior ductility, making them ideal for applications demanding greater structural integrity and resistance to dynamic loads. Fe-550 bars are commonly used in industrial structures, power plants, and heavy infrastructure projects.

4. Fe-600: This grade of TMT bar provides the highest level of tensile strength and ductility among commonly available grades. Fe-600 bars are utilized in specialized applications where exceptional structural performance is paramount, such as in pre-stressed concrete structures and high-rise buildings in seismic zones.

5. Corrosion-Resistant (CRS) TMT Bars: In addition to standard grades, corrosion-resistant TMT bars are also available to mitigate the effects of corrosion in aggressive environments such as coastal areas or industrial settings. These bars are specially designed with added corrosion-resistant elements such as copper, chromium, or zinc to enhance their longevity and durability.

It's essential for builders, engineers, and contractors to carefully evaluate the requirements of their construction projects and select the appropriate grade of TMT bars to ensure optimal performance, durability, and structural safety. Additionally, adherence to relevant national and international standards and codes is imperative when specifying TMT steel bars for construction applications.

Shear force is a load (pounds, or newtons) in plane of the object which produces shear stress ( pounds per sq inch, or Pascals).

Shear force is related to shear stress as

STRESS = FORCE/AREA

efficency of crane shovel families

Very tall tower cranes use the self-jacking section of the mast to remove one mast section at a time. Once the main boom is near ground, a conventional crane removes the main boom and counter weights in sequence. Small tower cranes are removed without using the self jacking section by a conventional crane. In rare cases, stiff leg derricks and evenhelicopters can be used.

I think to dismantle the tower crane should do these works as follows:
1, under normal conditions, will be lifting Gan parallel to the building facades, removal of tower structure using the standard bottle top section, so that gradually the small drop tower, down procedures top-up procedures for the opposite. Until the tower fell to the initial installation height,then with crane tower crane to install according to the order of removal of the opposite.
2, in the unusual circumstances, such as the tower fell to the initial installation of a high degree of obstructions can not let the boom down when the order of installation, can be used cranes, lifting arm in the air will be divided into 2 ~ 3 removed but there must be a reliable security measures.
3, shaft independent drop tower method. France to adapt to the independent drop tower tower crane installed in the concave on the inside corner of the construction location, due to boom can not continue to decline in the tower on the roof, when lifting arm can be fitted with hinged Department - Auxiliary lifting equipment This would allow the tower continues to fall as well as removal of attached devices so on. Tower in the process of falling down all the parts removed from the auxiliary lifting equipment transported to the ground, until reduced to the initial installation height, in accordance with crane installed in reverse order followed by demolition.
The information are from jinan "huiyou"construction hosit company, http://www.towercraneofchina.com/xwzx4.asp?code=wz0000000000022this web has more information , you can go to have a look!

If SLI is in operating condition then sLI itself will indicates that whether load is in safe mode. But if SLI is not working then one must be considered 40 % factor of safety of crane SWL and in SLI working condition it will be considered 20 % of its SWL.

209000

Derrick crane, derrick, hoist, Scotch crane, jib crane

This link has civil engineering jobs and recruitment in Gurgaon http://www.indeed.co.in/Civil-Engineer-jobs-in-Gurgaon,-Haryana.

i am apply for civil engineering in 3 years diploma

30-100 Gpa (in compression)

is a cost effective, lightweight, modular deck system that lends itself to rapid construction

Of course, many engineers in various fields do so to improve their chances of promotion to management.

Shear strength measures the ability of a fastener to withstand a load at right angles to the axis of the fixing connection . Tensile strength measures the ability of a fastener to withstand a force along its axis

a truss is said to be rigid when there is no relative motion of any point on any member of the truss with respect to any other point on any other member of the truss. in other words, a truss is said to be rigid when the distances between any two points on the truss remain constant at all times.

The main advantage to reinforced concrete is that it has a "inherent structural strength. The disadvantage would be in certain climates where it is cold as the heat is able to leave the structure.

Testing the compressive strength of hollow blocks typically follows a standard procedure to ensure accurate and reliable results. Here's a general outline of the test procedure:

1. **Sample Preparation:**

   • Select representative samples of hollow blocks from the production batch.

   • Ensure the samples are free from defects and have been cured appropriately.

2. **Conditioning:**

   • If the blocks are not already at room temperature, allow them to acclimate to the testing environment.

3. **Equipment Setup:**

   • Set up the compression testing machine according to standards or specifications.

   • Ensure the machine is calibrated and in good working condition.

4. **Sample Identification:**

   • Mark each sample with a unique identifier for accurate tracking of results.

5. **Moisture Content Check (if applicable):**

   • Determine and record the moisture content of the samples, especially if it can affect the compressive strength.

6. **Testing Procedure:**

   • Place the hollow block specimen on the compression testing machine.

   • Align the specimen so that the load is applied evenly on the blocks.

   • Gradually apply a compressive load at a uniform rate until failure occurs.

   • Record the maximum load at failure and note any signs of distress in the specimen.

7. **Calculation of Compressive Strength:**

   • Calculate the compressive strength using the formula: Compressive Strength = Maximum Load / Cross-sectional Area of the Block.

8. **Reporting:**

   • Document all relevant information, including sample identification, moisture content, and compressive strength values.

   • Prepare a test report with details of the testing procedure, equipment used, and results obtained.

9. **Quality Control:**

   • Compare the results with specified standards or requirements to ensure the hollow blocks meet the desired compressive strength.

10. **Data Analysis:**

    • Analyze the data for any trends, variations, or anomalies that may indicate issues with the production process.

11. **Documentation and Archiving:**

    • Keep a record of the test results and associated documentation for future reference or quality control purposes.

It's crucial to follow specific standards or guidelines relevant to the type of hollow blocks being tested, as procedures may vary based on factors such as block dimensions, material composition, and testing conditions. Always adhere to industry standards or applicable building codes for accurate and meaningful results.

Foundation is the underground or the substructure part of a building that transmits the load of the super structure to the ground safely.

it is the lower part of building on which the whole structure rests.

it may be made up of stone masonary, PCC or RCC.

depending the width to depth ratio it may be a shallow foundation or a deep foundation. shallow foundations are used for smaller structures and shallow foundations are used for multistoried buildings where the load carried by soil is more.

engineering jeology is backbone of civil engineering .and engineering geologist is man role in civil engineering .that he provide the information for the civil engineering and his works such as construction of building road structure and so on and provide the bearing capacati of earth.