Computer History

In 1958-1959 two men were working on the idea for different companies. One was Jack Kilby with Texas Instruments and the other was Robert Noyce who began Fairchild Semiconductor which will become Intel. Kilby has 60 patents to his name and is known as the inventor of portable calculator. His microchip was first used by the government for the minuteman missle. Noyce has 16 patents to his name.

computer hacking :)

There are no records of when insertion sort was invented because people have been sorting things using the insertion sort and selection sort algorithms since before records began; they are ancient algorithms. You cannot be credited for creating an algorithm that already exists.

Shell sort, which is a refinement of insertion sort, was developed much later, in 1959 by Donald Shell. His algorithm can be credited because it takes advantage of a computer's processing abilities, whereas insertion sort and selection sort rely purely on a human's processing abilities.

Generally, the first step in learning to program is to understand the process of editing code, compiling the software and running the subsequent program.

The spell check is one of most used computer programs or modules. It has made us not to do the spell check ourselves.

IBM, in 1981.

There was no specific invention or inventor of a first motherboard. The concept of a motherboard evolved over a number of years responding to the reduction in electronic component size. One of the original concepts in computer construction was the backplane. The backplane allowed for circuit card to be plugged in on one side. Its back had rows of pins corresponding to the socket connections. The pin connections defined how the attached circuit cards functioned and pins were connected to other pins with wires wrapped around them.

As technology matured, electronic parts were combined into Integrated circuit (IC) chips which were mounted on the backplane itself and the pins and wiring on the rear of the backplane were replaced by printed circuits. This eventually became what we call a motherboard, mainboard or some equivalent name.

Original microcomputers and personal computers had a central processor (CPU), memory, and control circuitry on the motherboard. That took up all the available space. Most other parts required their own support circuitry that would not fit on the motherboard so they were placed on individual circuit cards plugged into the motherboard. This included additional memory, output display, hard drives controllers, and even standard input/output ports such as serial (RS232,) Printer(parallel), mouse and game ports. Most of these eventually became compact enough to be integrated onto the motherboard board we use today.

Visual Basic was first released in 1992 Visual Basic was first released in 1998. This version included the ability to create web-based applications. Support for this version ended in 2005.

Binary is the simplest way to implement operations and information in a computer system.

However, It is not the only way.

But because of the nature and simplicity to switch electricity on and off it is a natural for computers.

Computers speak only one language which is composed of two sylables, namely "on" and "off". This is just like your light switch on the wall.

Computers are made up of millions of switches. This complexity allows logic functions, similar to human thought, to be performed.

This manifests as a very impressive operation only because a computer operates at such fast speeds.

She was one of the first programmers of one of the first computers. See the related link for more information.

The monolithic integrated circuit was invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in 1958. It was made of a single crystal of germanium. Although all the components were made together in that crystal their interconnections still had to be wired.

In early 1959 Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor invented an improved integrated circuit using silicon. The use of silicon instead of germanium allowed passivation of the chip surface with an insulating layer of silicon dioxide and interconnecting the components with a layer of metal over that. These were the first practical monolithic integrated circuits and Kilby's original design never went into production.

Ray Tomlinson is considered to be "Father of e-mail"

cobol -apex

2 MB

1024 byte = 1 KB
1024 KB = 1 MB
1024 MB = 1 GB
1024 GB = 1 TB

and so on...

An assembler is used to convert low-level assembly language into machine code. Assembly language is a symbolic language that maps 1:1 with the machine code produced by the assembler.

A compiler is used to convert a high-level language into a low-level language such as intermediate byte code, assembly or native machine code.

An interpreter is used to convert a high-level language or byte code into native machine code. Statements are typically converted to machine code instructions one statement at a time, rather than all at once.

All high-level are either compiled or interpreted, however some are both compiled and interpreted. Most compiled languages compile to machine code, however some, such as Java, compile to an intermediate byte code which must then be interpreted to produce the machine code.

There are mainly four types of computer language-

1.High Level Language - the hardware access is abstracted away and managed more or less automatically, do code can focus on what the program needs to do rather than the lowest level details of how.

2.Low Level Language - languages which give full access to the underlying hardware and memory, but which as a result require memory allocation and other details to be handled manually. Generally most appropriate for device drivers and OS drivers which need this level of access.

3.Assembly Language - a language that can sensibly be written by people (at least for small programs) that directly matches the machine level language that the CPU understands. Writing code at this level you know exactly that the CPU will be doing. Generally most appropriate for very limited-power devices (e.g. light controllers, greetings cards).

4.Machine level language - what the computer actually understands

Within the high-level languages there are various further subdivisions - imperative, functional and logic programming. These all share the separation from handling memory allocation, but have a different structure and areas which they are particularly good for. Imperative languages focus on how to do things, and include Java and C#. Functional languages focus on what to do, and include LISP and F#. Logic languages focus on facts and determining the truth (or solutions to) other statements from known facts, and include Prolog.

There are four main categories of computers namely super computer, mainframe, minicomputer and microcomputer. The have similar functions only that their performance levels vary with the super computer being the most powerful one.

Transistor transistor logic is one type of many different types of bipolar transistor based digital logic circuitry. It is very efficiently implemented in integrated circuit chips, needs only one power supply voltage, and operates at reasonably high speeds.

Transistor transistor logic was first developed in the middle 1960s as a modification of the diode transistor logic, then in use in some digital logic integrated circuit chips but dating back to the earliest discrete bipolar transistor logic developed in the late 1950s and derived from vacuum tube point contact diode logic used in many early first generation computers.

Transistor transistor logic integrated circuits dominated the computer and electronic digital controller market from the late 1960s until the middle 1980s, when metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor based microprocessors and microcontrollers began to replace it. By the early 1990s transistor transistor logic and other bipolar transistor based digital logic integrated circuits had been replaced with equivalent complementary metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor integrated circuits that were both faster and consumed less power (thus running much cooler) or with programmable logic devices of various types.

In general transistor transistor logic is now considered obsolete.

FORTRAN, FORTH, C, BASIC, COBOL, LISP, LOGO, Pascal, and many more. Algol - Algorithmic Language SAIL - Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language BLISS - Basic Language for Implementation of System Software APL - A Programming Language SNOBOL - String Oriented Symbolic Language

the Analytical Engine - an engine created by Ada Byron (the Lady Lovelace) and a person named Babbage - Ada suggested to Babbage writing a plan for how the engine might calculate Bernoulli numbers. This plan, is now regarded as the first "computer program."

A software language developed by the U.S. Department of Defense was named "Ada" in her honor in 1979

lavender

You are probably referring to Ada Lovelace who wrote an algorithm for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine. She is credited with being the first computer programmer. However, she did not write any programming language; the machine's language was an integral part of the machine's design.

Advantages:

It is quick and easy.

It saves time.

You can address a large number of letters without having to do it yourself as mail merge inserts it for you.

Disadvantages:

It can be used as a scam.

It runs slowly or doesn't run at all when more than one software is running.

If it is email merge all recipients will be able to view all data and information.