Same as duplex radio comms, where there are several stations on the network at the same time, except telegraphy usually refers to landline communications. ie: several telegraphic operators transmitting to each other, on the same frequency, at the same real-time.
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of point to point topology?
the advantage of information points:
the disadvantage of information points:
Are Cat5 and Cat5e LAN cables interchangeable?
Yes, you can certainly use both cables in the same network.
Yes, you can certainly use both cables in the same network.
Yes, you can certainly use both cables in the same network.
Yes, you can certainly use both cables in the same network.
Which protocols can be used to provide secure communications between a web server and client?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure [HTTPS]
multiplexing
Does every computer system has an IP address?
No, not all computers have an ISP (Internet Service Provider). An ISP is the service provider that you pay to get internet access from. Seeing as this is an optional part of owning/using a computer, not everybody has one.
If instead of "ISP address" you meant "IP address", not all computers have this either. An IP (Internet Protocol) address is given to you by your ISP. So, going back to how having an ISP is optional, not all computers have a set IP address.
What is spaning tree protocol?
STP stand for Spaning Tree Protocol. It's used to avoid the L2 loop in the network.
many factor are belong to STP. such as Root Switch, BPDU, Root Port, Forward port, blocking port.
The oldest and still most frequently used network communications services are print services?
There are two network communications service that are still in used today and they are considered the oldest. The two services are the job submission and terminal access.
What layer of the OSI model does RTP operate?
It is on the Session layer. Layer 5. RTP has no transport mechanism. If you think of SIP communications (set-up and break down of VoIP calls) this is done via RTP packets. RTP is encapsulated within UDP (for transport) and therefore resides at a layer above the transport layer (layer 4).
What are the different types of hubs?
A hub is any sort of networking gear that has no intelligence about the information passing through it. It will not inspect packets for routing information, a packet that arrives at one port of the hub will be re-issued on all ports of the hub. There are smart hubs that have internal intelligence, but that is usually limited to the ability to enable and disable specific ports and divide one hub into a number of virtual hubs; though some also have the ability to count incoming packets on each port, and some have diagnostic abilities.
Hubs are most often seen with 10BaseT and 100BaseT systems, where they are used to turn the bus topology of the network into a star topology. Other systems that are inherently a star topology may also have hubs of some sort; a classic example is the older ArcNet and TokenRing.
Currently, use of a switch or a router is far more common. These inspect packets passing through them, and route them only to the machines that they have been sent to.
In order to gain illegitimate access to a network attackers often by-pass access control lists by?
switching off your computer
What is checksum in the data communication?
An acronym for SUMmation CHECK. In data communications, an error-checking technique in which the number of bits in a unit of data is summed, transmitted along with the data, and checked by the receiving computer. If the sum differs, an error probably occurred in transmission and the transmission is repeated. A commonly used personal computer communications protocol called XMODEM uses the checksum technique. In some virus scanning and file integrity software checksums are calculted for every file in a directory and the results are stoed in the directory. When the program is scanningm it compares the checksum information stored in the directory with the current checksum for each scanned file. A difference in the sum may indicate that the file has been infected by a virus that doesn't leave a recognised signature.
140.128.0.0 (10001100 10000000 00000000 00000000).
What are most common dynamic routing protocols?
Dynamic routing protocols are "languages" routers use to communicate the details and status of networks to which they are connected. Examples include RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, BGP and IS-IS.
They are called dynamic because they can respond to network changes, such as a failed link, a new link or in some cases a change to a link (perhaps a changed bandwidth value). This is in contrast to a static route, which an administrator must type in manually and which cannot automatically respond to network changes.
Two routers must be running the same routing protocol to exchange route information; RIP cannot talk directly to OSPF, for example. The router admin must enable the routing protocol, then instruct the router which of its connected networks it should advertise to other routers running the same protocol.
How does crosstalk reducein twisted pair wire?
Crosstalk occurs in twisted pair wire when a current or signal in one wire can produce an unwanted current or signal. If the two wires run parallel to each other the chance for crosstalk increases.
Mutual inductance is a consequence of an alternating current (AC) in one conductor developing a fluctuating magnetic field which induces current flow in another close-coupled conductor. In computer networking or communication, this is termed cross-talk.
The signal in the source wire is mirrored (at a lower strength) in the other. Where two conductors run parallel to one another for long lengths, the cross-talk signal is additive and can be considered as noise, where the other conductor is carrying its own signal.
What is the difference between a wireless LAN and a wireless G card?
N is faster and has a longer range (if you live in a multi-story home or apartment it is amazing). G is, of course, cheaper. If you are wondering, don't worry about the fact that the N standard isn't finalized yet. Most devices conform to the draft standard. Any change from the current standard will be minimal at this stage in the process and will most likely only require a firmware update if the final standard does in fact change... The extra cost for wireless-N makes sense if you need the improved range due to a large home or multiple walls between the computer and the base station. If you need to transfer files between other computers or stream music within your local network (you have a media center PC and want to stream music/video) you will benefit from the faster speed of wireless-N You won't get any extra speed boost from N if you are the only computer on your network and you are relatively close to the base station. Remember, even with an 8 Meg cable modem, the bandwidth of 54Meg wireless-G is more than sufficient.
What is the difference between network and computer network with examples?
Network is a general term describing the communication between two entities that not necessarily be computers but in a computer network the devices are computing devices only. network: 1)network b/w two persons talking to each other. 2)Telephone,walkie talkieetc computer network: Internet,mobile internet
CAT7 cable is short for Category 7 cable. This network cable is used as a cabling infrastructure for certain networks. It provides performance of up to 600 MHz and can be used up to 100 meters.
How do you configure the browser for local cashing?
Client browsers can have all options configured manually, or they can be configured to download a autoconfig file (every time they start up), which provides all of the information about your cache setup.
Each URL referenced (be it the URL that you typed, or the URL for a graphic on the page yet to be retrieved) is checked against the list of rules.
What are the six types Internet protocols?
There are two types of protocols they are Internet Protocol and Transmission Control Protocol. In computers a protocol is basically a principle or standard which either controls or permits the connection, communication and transmission of data between two diverse computing endpoints. In basic language a protocol can be explained as the rules of leading the syntax, semantics and synchronization of contact.
Protocols can be put into practice either by hard ware or software, or even by a grouping of both. Mostly on the basic level a protocol classifies the performance of a hardware connection. The extensive use and development of communication protocols is a combined requirement to the internet. It is also one of the main suppliers to its power and success. Nearly all the internet communication protocols are illustrated in the RFC credentials of the Internet Engineering Task Force.
What does a 192.168 IP address mean?
Back in 1996 the guys over at The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had to decide what range of IPv4 addresses they could give away for internal use, meaning that these IP addresses would be assigned only to devices in closed networks and would not be available on the public internet.
Why would they do that exactly? The main reason is a limited number of IP addresses. 4,294,967,296 to be exact. If all internet-enabled devices would have their own unique IP address we would have ran out of them a long time ago.
Together with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), they have reserved three "blocks" of the IP address space for private networks:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (Class A)
172.16.00 - 172.31.255.255 (Class B)
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (Class C)
Depending on how large your network is, you would choose from one of these network classes. Class A gives you 16,777,216 IP addresses, Class B - 1,048,576 and class C 65,536.
Since we are talking about private home networks, I don't think you would even come close to connecting 50 different devices at the same time to one router. And, the smaller the network, the less problems it will cause.
For this reason, most Broadband routers have an even smaller range of IP addresses: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.0.255. This means that you can connect up to 254 devices to your network (254 + 1 router). That should be enough for most people
A network, in the broadest sense, is a path or paths of interconnections between sources of information or data. Networks exist to move information around, often times across the world, sometimes at the speed of light.
One example of a biological network is your nervous system; your brain uses this neural net to communicate with and control the rest of your body.
A computer network consists of (you guessed it) computers joined together to allow trading of data. Modern networks are the reason the Internet exists. Websites like Facebook, Twitter and Myspace (social networking) all rely on the secure transmission of data for users to interact with each other. The Internet is also the most massive advertising platform ever. Through it, companies have the potential to reach everyone in the modern world. Over 200 million people have access to the net.
How does an external modem connect to PC?
wireless or wired?
if wired simple case of usiing an Ethernet cable, also called a patch cable or cat 5 cable.
if wireless, you will need a network card with wireless capibilty or a wireless 'dongle' that comes with the router, then its a case of set up
A cable modem is connected either with a RJ45 cable or a USB cable.
What is your computer's default gateway?
Bring up a command prompt, type in the ping command with the address of the default gateway. You can find that information by using ipconfig /all in windows, or netstat, or ifconfig in Linux/Unix.