Computer Networking

1. CAT6a is the improved version of the CAT6 cable.

2. Both Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters.

3. CAT6a is rated for up to 10Gigabits while CAT6 is only rated for 1Gigabit. It is able to achieve this because it operates at 500Mhz; twice that of the 250Mhz operation of the CAT6 cables. CAT6 cables may be able to achieve 10Gbps but only in when short lengths of cable are used.

4. CAT6a has twice the bandwidth of CAT6 cables.

5. CAT6a is better at resisting alien crosstalk compared to CAT6.

6. CAT6a cables are muchthicker compared to CAT6. With the added size of CAT6a comes a significant increase in weight, which affects how many cables you'll be able to fit into a cable tray, as well as where you can place them. Cable tray capacity is drastically reduced when you're using Cat6a cable as they also require a larger bend radius.

1. CAT6a costs a lot more compared to CAT6 (approximately double). However, CAT6a is your best bet if you want some future proofing and can afford the extra cost; doing so saves you from having to gut your walls again once CAT6 cables are no longer sufficient for your needs and you need to upgrade

You see a Local area connection icon at the task bar in the right side,don't you?

OK..then

1.right click on that icon..

2.select status

3.Click the details tab in the SUPPORT tab.

By Azhar uddin

University of Malakand Bs IT

Humans are social animals who depend on the interaction with others for daily needs this interaction is possible through a mutual network among them.

Throughout human history, people, with few exceptions, have depended on the structure of

various community networks for safety, food, and companionship. People have been networking

for a very long time.

The ways in which humans interact are constantly changing. As technical developments

throughout history have come about, the methods of human communication have developed

as well. At one time, sounds and gestures were all humans used to communicate, but now

the Internet allows people to instantaneously share all types of communication-documents,

pictures, sound, and video-with thousands of people near and far away using computers.

Networks Supporting the Way We Live

Just a few years ago, people communicated mostly on a local level because communicating

with people far away was complicated and expensive. People talked in person or used the

telephone for most voice communication, the postal service delivered most of the written

messages, and the television broadcast one-way video communication. Each of these methods

is still working, but all three of them are converging into web-based communication

technologies. The extended reach and the reduced cost of communication through the

Internet has changed the way businesses interact with their customers, the way people share

information and resources, and the way friends and families stay close to each other.

As with every advance in communication technology, the creation and interconnection of

robust data networks are having a profound effect. Early data networks were limited to

exchanging character-based information between connected computer systems. Current networks

have evolved to carry voice, video streams, text, and graphics between many different

types of devices. Previously separate and distinct communication forms have converged

onto a common platform. This platform provides access to a wide range of alternative and

new communication methods that enable people to interact directly with each other almost

instantaneously.

The use of the Internet spread quickly as connectivity became available in the 1990s. The

early users of the World Wide Web were mostly university researchers exchanging information,

but other people and businesses quickly figured out how to take advantage of webbased

communications. This sparked the creation of many new businesses and careers.

The immediate nature of communications over the Internet encourages the formation of

global communities. These communities foster social interaction that is independent of

location or time zone.

Technology is perhaps the most significant change agent in the world today, as it helps to

create a world in which national borders, geographic distances, and physical limitations

become less relevant and present ever-diminishing obstacles. The creation of online communities

for the exchange of ideas and information has the potential to increase productivity

opportunities across the globe. As the Internet connects people and promotes unfettered

communication, it presents the platform on which to run businesses, to address emergencies,

to inform individuals, and to support education, science, and government.

The Internet has quickly become an integral part of our daily routines. The complex interconnection

of electronic devices and media that comprises the network is transparent to the

millions of users who make it a valued and personal part of their lives.

Data networks that were once the transport of information from business to business are

now also used to improve the quality of life for people everywhere. In the course of a day,

resources available through the Internet can help you do the following:

â–  Decide what to wear using online current weather conditions

â–  Find the least-congested route to your destination, displaying weather and traffic video

from webcams

â–  Check your bank balance and pay bills electronically

â–  Receive and send e-mail at an Internet cafe over lunch

â–  Obtain health information and nutritional advice from experts all over the world, and

post to a forum to share related health or treatment information

â–  Download new recipes and cooking techniques to create a spectacular dinner

â–  Post and share your photographs, home videos, and experiences with friends or with

the world

â–  Use Internet phone services

â–  Shop and sell at online auctions

â–  Use instant messaging and chat for both business and personal use

its user base. IM is real-time text communication between two or more users. Based on the

earlier service known as Internet Relay Chat (IRC), it has expanded to include voice, photo

and video sharing, and file transfers. IM is different from e-mail in that e-mail can be

delayed when sent, but IM is, as its name implies, instantaneous. IM is an increasingly popular

tool used by customer service centers to assist customers and friends in communicating

with each other.

The first generation of web use was as a place for people to find static information, educational

resources, and business information. But web content is changing from a place for

people to get information to a place for people to contribute information as well. The users

of the web are, in many ways, becoming the creators of the content. The emergence and use

of social software tools such as blogs, podcasts, and wikis enable the interaction and contribution

of users.

Blogs, also known as weblogs, are web pages where people can publish their personal opinions

and thoughts about any conceivable topic. Blogs, for better or worse, allow unfiltered

and unedited publication of ideas from experts and nonexperts alike. This is important

because it demonstrates a shift from reliance on traditional media content from experts to a

reliance on other users to provide their personal knowledge.

Podcasting is an audio-based medium that originally enabled people to record audio and

convert it for use with iPods-small, portable devices for audio playback manufactured by

Apple. The ability to record audio and save it to a computer file is not new. However, podcasting

allows people to deliver their recordings to a wide audience. The audio file is placed

on a website (or blog or wiki), where others can download it and play the recording on their

computers, laptops, and iPods.

Wikis are another example of publicly created web content. Individuals create blogs, but

wiki web pages are created and edited by groups of people sharing information. The best

known example of a wiki is the Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia made up of public contributions

edited by public users. Thousands of people contribute their specialized knowledge

to the Wikipedia, and anyone can access the information at no cost. Many groups create

their own wikis for member instruction, and many organizations create limited wikis as

an internal collaboration tool. A collaboration tool is web-based software that allows people

to work together on a project over the web.

A wireless router is a device that performs the functions of a router but also includes the functions of a wireless access point and a network switch.

In essence, it allows you to connect to the router without an Ethernet cable and have access to the internet.

The acronym URL stand for Uniform Resource Locator. A URL is also known as a web address. It is the address in your browser that points to a website, often beginning with http.

URLs can also refer to things other than web pages, such as file transfers, email, etc.